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Application of directly modulated laser and polarimetric technique to observation of sub-Doppler resonances in small Cs vapor cell

I. S. Mesenzova, Denis V. Brazhnikov, S M Ignatovich, Rodolphe Boudot, Mikhail N Skvortsov

Published Aug 22, 2021• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

• The frequency standards are widely used in high-resolution spectroscopy, precision physics experiments • Metrology, location, geophysics, space exploration • One of the main methods of laser spectroscopy is method of saturated absorption in a gas of alkali metal atoms

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Experiments using relatively inexpensive tunable diode lasers are used to study high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in alkali vapors. Direct absorption spectra for cesium and rubidium show adsorption profiles that are Doppler-broadened. A second experiment demonstrates saturated adsorption spectroscopy to remove Doppler broadening in atomic spectroscopy for rubidium atoms in a cell at room temperature. Lamb dips are seen in the Doppler-broadened profiles. Finally a third experiment is described which demonstrate Doppler-free two photon spectroscopy for rubidium vapour. All of these experiments were historical stepping stones toward the creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate.
Abstract Experiments using relatively inexpensive tunable diode lasers are used to study high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in alkali vapor. Direct absorption spectra for cesium and rubidium show adsorption profiles that are Doppler-broadened. A second experiment demonstrates saturated adsorption spectroscopy to remove Doppler broadening in atomic spectroscopy for rubidium atoms in a cell at room temperature. Lamb dips are seen in the Doppler-broadened profiles. Finally, a third experiment is described which demonstrates Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy for rubidium vapor. All of these experiments were historical stepping stones toward the creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate.
A phenomenon observed in a simple experiment with a diode laser is found to be a basis for powerful spectroscopy. In this spectroscopy, the laser frequency is neither scanned nor modulated. High-resolution spectra in a wide ratio-frequency range, such as Zeeman and hyperfine spectra in both of the ground and the excited states, are observed simultaneously by frequency analyzing the intensity fluctuation of the light transmitted through a sample cell. Demonstrating experiments are carried out with respect to the D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​ and D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ lines of Cs and Rb atoms.
The paper is the review of methods, achievements, and possibilities of the recently elaborated and well tested high-resolution laser spectroscopy based on sub-Doppler absorption and polarization resonances (on centers of quantum transitions), which arise because of the optical pumping and specific transit relaxation of atoms (molecules) in a thin cell with a rarefied gas. Theoretical basis of this spectroscopy is presented. Experimental technique and results on the record of the sub-Doppler spectral structure of Cs and Rb atoms and on the frequency stabilization of diode lasers by given spectroscopy methods are discussed.
The saturated absorption technique is an elegant method widely used in atomic and molecular physics for high-resolution spectroscopy, laser frequency standards and metrology purposes. We have recently discovered that a saturated absorption scheme with a dual-frequency laser can lead to a significant sign reversal of the usual Doppler-free dip, yielding a deep enhanced-absorption spike. In this paper, we report detailed experimental investigations of this phenomenon, together with a full in-depth theoretical description. It is shown that several physical effects can support or oppose the formation of the high-contrast central spike in the absorption profile. The physical conditions for which all these effects act constructively and result in very bright Doppler-free resonances are revealed. Apart from their theoretical interest, results obtained in this manuscript are of great interest for laser spectroscopy and laser frequency stabilization purposes, with applications in laser cooling, matter-wave sensors, atomic clocks or quantum optics.
The nature of light can be known and understood only through its interactions with matter. A few of the new ways that lasers can extend our knowledge of these interactions are discussed. They include methods for eliminating Doppler broadening from thermal motions in gases, such as saturated absorption and polarization spectroscopy. A convenient digital wavemeter for measuring wavelengths of tunable lasers is described. Complicated absorption spectra can be simplified by using a laser to modify the population or polarization of the chosen lower level.