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SPIE Quantum Technologies

Anyonic two-photon statistics and hybrid entanglement with a semiconductor chip

F. Baboux, Saverio Francesconi, Arnault Raymond, Nicolas Fabre, Aristide Lemaître, P. Milman, Maria I. Amanti, S. Ducci

Published Jun 3, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High-dimensional entangled states of light provide novel capabilities for quantum information, from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to enhanced computation and communication protocols. In this context, the frequency degree of freedom is attracting a growing interest due to its robustness to propagation in optical fibers and its capability to convey large scale of quantum information into a single spatial mode. This provides a strong incentive for the development of efficient and scalable methods for the generation and manipulation of frequency-encoded quantum states. Nonlinear parametric processes are powerful tools to generate such states, but up to now the manipulation of the generated frequency states has been carried out mostly by post-manipulation, which demands complex and bulk-like experimental setups. Direct production of on-demand frequency-states at the generation stage, and preferably using a chip-based source, is crucial in view of practical and scalable applications for quantum information technologies. Here we employ parametric down-conversion in an integrated AlGaAs chip to engineer the wavefunction and exchange statistics of frequency-entangled photon pairs directly at the generation stage, without post-manipulation [1]. Tuning the pump spatial intensity allows to produce frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, while tuning the spatial phase allows to tailor the symmetry of the spectral wavefunction. As revealed by Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry, this allows to simulate either bosons, fermions, or anyons, i.e. particles displaying a fractional exchange statistics intermediate between bosons and fermions [2]. Finally, we show that the frequency entanglement can be combined with the polarization entanglement of our source to produce hybrid frequency-polarization entangled states [3], leading to quantum beating in two-photon interference. These results, obtained at room temperature and telecom wavelength, open promising perspectives for implementing quantum simulation tasks with tailored wavefunction and particle statistics in a chip-integrated platform. [1] S. Francesconi et al, Optica 7, 316 (2020). [2] S. Francesconi et al., ACS Photonics 8, 2764 (2021). [3] S. Francesconi et al., in preparation.

DOI
10.1117/12.2624446

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High-dimensional entangled states of light provide novel capabilities for quantum information, from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to enhanced computation and communication protocols. In this context, the frequency degree of freedom is attracting a growing interest due to its robustness to propagation in optical fibers and its capability to convey large scale of quantum information into a single spatial mode. This provides a strong incentive for the development of efficient and scalable methods for the generation and manipulation of frequency-encoded quantum states. Nonlinear parametric processes are powerful tools to generate such states, but up to now the manipulation of the generated frequency states has been carried out mostly by post-manipulation, which demands complex and bulk-like experimental setups. Direct production of on-demand frequency-states at the generation stage, and preferably using a chip-based source, is crucial in view of practical and scalable applications for quantum information technologies. Here we employ parametric down-conversion in an integrated AlGaAs chip to engineer the wavefunction and exchange statistics of frequency-entangled photon pairs directly at the generation stage, without post-manipulation [1]. Tuning the pump spatial intensity allows to produce frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, while tuning the spatial phase allows to tailor the symmetry of the spectral wavefunction. As revealed by Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry, this allows to simulate either bosons, fermions, or anyons, i.e. particles displaying a fractional exchange statistics intermediate between bosons and fermions [2]. Finally, we show that the frequency entanglement can be combined with the polarization entanglement of our source to produce hybrid frequency-polarization entangled states [3], leading to quantum beating in two-photon interference. These results, obtained at room temperature and telecom wavelength, open promising perspectives for implementing quantum simulation tasks with tailored wavefunction and particle statistics in a chip-integrated platform. [1] S. Francesconi et al, Optica 7, 316 (2020). [2] S. Francesconi et al., ACS Photonics 8, 2764 (2021). [3] S. Francesconi et al., in preparation.
High-dimensional entangled states of light provide novel possibilities for quantum information, from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to enhanced computation and communication protocols. In this context, the frequency degree of freedom is particular attractive thanks to its robustness to propagation in optical fibers and its capability to convey large scale of quantum information into a single spatial mode. This provides a strong incentive for the development of efficient and scalable methods for the generation and the manipulation of frequency-encoded quantum states. Nonlinear parametric processes are powerful tools to generate such states, but up to now the manipulation of the generated frequency states has been carried out mostly by post-manipulation, which demands complex and bulk-like experimental setups. Direct production of on-demand frequency-states at the generation stage, and if possible using a chip-based source, is crucial in view of practical and scalable applications for quantum information technologies. Here we use an integrated semiconductor chip to engineer the wavefunction and exchange statistics of frequency-entangled photon pairs directly at the generation stage, without post-manipulation. Tuning the pump spatial intensity allows to produce frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, while tuning the spatial phase enables to switch between symmetric and antisymmetric spectral wavefunctions, leading respectively to bosonic and fermionic behaviors of the photons. We also demonstrate the generation of non-Gaussian entanglement in the continuous variables formed by the frequency and time degrees of freedom of the photon pairs. These results, obtained at room temperature and telecom wavelength, and with a chip-based source, open promising perspectives for the quantum simulation of fermionic problems with photons on an integrated platform, as well as for communication and computation protocols exploiting antisymmetric high-dimensional quantum states.
High-dimensional entangled states of light provide novel possibilities for quantum information, from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to enhanced computation and communication protocols. In this context, the frequency degree of freedom combines the assets of robustness to propagation and easy handling with standard telecommunication components. Here, we use an integrated semiconductor chip to engineer the wavefunction and exchange statistics of frequency-entangled photon pairs directly at the generation stage, without post-manipulation. Tailoring the spatial properties of the pump beam allows generating frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, and to control the symmetry of the spectral wavefunction to induce either bosonic or fermionic behaviors. These results, obtained at room temperature and telecom wavelength, open promising perspectives for the quantum simulation of fermionic problems with photons on an integrated platform, as well as for communication and computation protocols exploiting antisymmetric high-dimensional quantum states.
Anyons, particles displaying a fractional exchange statistics intermediate between bosons and fermions, play a central role in the fractional quantum Hall effect and various spin lattice models, and have been proposed for topological quantum computing schemes due to their resilience to noise. Here we use parametric down-conversion in an integrated semiconductor chip to generate biphoton states simulating anyonic particle statistics, in a reconfigurable manner. Our scheme exploits the frequency entanglement of the photon pairs, which is directly controlled through the spatial shaping of the pump beam. These results, demonstrated at room temperature and telecom wavelength on a chip-integrated platform, pave the way to the practical implementation of quantum simulation tasks with tailored particle statistics.
Anyons, particles displaying a fractional exchange statistics intermediate between bosons and fermions, play a central role in the fractional quantum Hall effect and various spin–lattice models, and have been proposed for topological quantum computing schemes due to their resilience to noise. Here we use parametric down-conversion in an integrated semiconductor chip to generate biphoton states simulating anyonic particle statistics in a reconfigurable manner. Our scheme exploits the frequency entanglement of the photon pairs, which is directly controlled through the spatial shaping of the pump beam. These results, demonstrated at room temperature and telecom wavelength on a chip-integrated platform, pave the way to the practical implementation of quantum simulation tasks with tailored particle statistics.
We demonstrate a chip-integrated semiconductor source that combines polarization and frequency entanglement, allowing the generation of entangled biphoton states in a hybrid degree of freedom without post-manipulation. Our AlGaAs device is based on type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion in a counterpropagating phase-matching scheme in which the modal birefringence lifts the degeneracy between the two possible nonlinear interactions. This allows the direct generation of polarization–frequency entangled photons at room temperature and telecom wavelength, and in two distinct spatial modes, offering enhanced flexibility for quantum information protocols. The state entanglement is quantified by a combined measurement of the joint spectrum and Hong–Ou–Mandel interference (raw visibility 70.1 % ± 1.1 % ) of the biphotons, allowing to reconstruct a restricted density matrix in the hybrid polarization–frequency space.