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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Optimal detection of ultra-broadband bi-photons with quantum nonlinear SU(1,1) interference

Nir Nechushtan, Han‐Zhong Zhang, Mallachi-Elia Meller, Avi Pe’er

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

SU(1,1) interference is a major tool for quantum detection of squeezed light. We optimize the interference visibility experimentally based on the phase matching and beam parameters. We demonstrate near-ideal visibility (loss-limited) over an octave bandwidth.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2021.tu2a.3

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The visibility of nonlinear SU(1,1) interference directly reflects the nonclassical properties of entangled bi-photons and squeezed light with practically unlimited bandwidth, high efficiency and ultra-high photon flux, orders of magnitude beyond the abilities of standard photo-detectors. We study experimentally the dependence of the SU(1,1) visibility on the phase matching conditions and beam parameters in a free-space configuration, and show that maximal SU(1,1) visibility requires extreme collinear conditions, which deviate from the conditions for maximal nonlinear conversion. We demonstrate near-ideal visibility of ∼95% (limited only by internal loss) in an ultra-broadband SU(1,1), interferometer with over 120 THz of squeezed light bandwidth. Utilizing this analysis we demonstrate efficient detection of the spectral phase of single-cycle bi-photons and precise compensation of the dispersion over a full octave of bandwidth.
We observe at record-high speed the nonclassical nature of ultra-broadband bi-photons, reducing the measurement time by four orders of magnitude compared to standard techniques of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference or sum-frequency generation. We measure the quantum state of the broadband bi-photons, amplitude and phase, with a pairwise Mach-Zehnder quantum interferometer, where bi-photons that are generated in one nonlinear crystal are enhanced (constructive interference) or diminished (destructive interference) in another crystal, depending on the bi-photon phase. We verify the quantum nature of the interference by observing the dependence of the fringe visibility on internal loss. Since destructive interference is equivalent to an attempt to annihilate in the second crystal (by up-conversion) the bi-photons that were created in the first crystal (by down-conversion), the fringe visibility is a measure for the quantum bi-photon purity of the broadband light. The measurement speed-up is due to the large homodyne-like gain from the strong pump ( ⁣∼ ⁣107−9\!\sim\!10^{7-9}∼107−9) in the up-conversion efficiency of single bi-photons, which enables the use of simple photo-detection of the full, ultra-high photon flux instead of single-photon / coincidence counting.