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Sensors

Secrecy Coding Analysis of Short-Packet Full-Duplex Transmissions with Joint Iterative Channel Estimation and Decoding Processes

Bao Quoc Vuong, Roland Gautier, Anthony Fiche, Mélanie Marazin, Cristina Despina‐Stoian

Published Jul 14, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This paper studies the secrecy coding analysis achieved by the self-jamming technique in the presence of an eavesdropper by considering a short-packet Full-Duplex (FD) transmission developed based on iterative blind or semi-blind channel estimation and advanced decoding algorithms. Indeed, the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper can simultaneously receive the intended signal from the transmitter and broadcast a self-jamming or jamming signal to the others. Unlike other conventional techniques without feedback, the blind or semi-blind algorithm applied at the legitimate receiver can simultaneously estimate, firstly, the Self-Interference (SI) channel to cancel the SI component and, secondly, estimate the propagation channel, then decode the intended messages by using 5G Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) codes. Taking into account the passive eavesdropper case, the blind channel estimation with a feedback scheme is applied, where the temporary estimation of the intended channel and the decoded message are fed back to improve both the channel estimation and the decoding processes. Only the blind algorithm needs to be implemented in the case of a passive eavesdropper because it achieves sufficient performances and does not require adding pilot symbols as the semi-blind algorithm. In the case of an active eavesdropper, based on its robustness in the low region of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the semi-blind algorithm is considered by trading four pilot symbols and only requiring the feedback for channel estimation processes in order to overcome the increase in noise in the legitimate receiver. The results show that the blind or semi-blind algorithms outperform the conventional algorithm in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), Bit Error Rate (BER) and security gap (Sg). In addition, it has been shown that the blind or semi-blind algorithms are less sensitive to high SI and self-jamming interference power levels imposed by secured FD transmission than the conventional algorithms without feedback.

DOI
10.3390/s22145257

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This paper studies the secrecy coding analysis achieved by the self-jamming technique in the presence of an eavesdropper by considering a short-packet Full-Duplex (FD) transmission developed based on iterative blind or semi-blind channel estimation and advanced decoding algorithms. Indeed, the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper can simultaneously receive the intended signal from the transmitter and broadcast a self-jamming or jamming signal to the others. Unlike other conventional techniques without feedback, the blind or semi-blind algorithm applied at the legitimate receiver can simultaneously estimate, firstly, the Self-Interference (SI) channel to cancel the SI component and, secondly, estimate the propagation channel, then decode the intended messages by using 5G Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) codes. Taking into account the passive eavesdropper case, the blind channel estimation with a feedback scheme is applied, where the temporary estimation of the intended channel and the decoded message are fed back to improve both the channel estimation and the decoding processes. Only the blind algorithm needs to be implemented in the case of a passive eavesdropper because it achieves sufficient performances and does not require adding pilot symbols as the semi-blind algorithm. In the case of an active eavesdropper, based on its robustness in the low region of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the semi-blind algorithm is considered by trading four pilot symbols and only requiring the feedback for channel estimation processes in order to overcome the increase in noise in the legitimate receiver. The results show that the blind or semi-blind algorithms outperform the conventional algorithm in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), Bit Error Rate (BER) and security gap (Sg). In addition, it has been shown that the blind or semi-blind algorithms are less sensitive to high SI and self-jamming interference power levels imposed by secured FD transmission than the conventional algorithms without feedback.
This paper investigates the secrecy coding analysis of encoded wiretap Full-Duplex transmission respected to various eavesdropper positions. To limit the effect of interference and self-jamming/jamming signals sending by the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper, a combination of joint iterative blind/semi-blind channel estimation, decoding algorithms and self-jamming techniques is used. In fact, these algorithms employ a feedback loop to estimate and reduce SI components while also estimating the propagation channel and decoding the messages. The results reveal that blind/semi-blind algorithms give a better solution than conventional without feedback algorithms by significantly reducing and giving smaller security gap. Furthermore, they are less sensitive to the eavesdropper's movement by maintaining security gap in an acceptable level. The results also indicate that the suggested algorithms have a capability to notably decrease the self-jamming power required at the authorized receiver to obtain the same security level. It shows a robustness in several factors such as security, reliability and power consumption, which is suitable for short-packet Internet of Things transmissions and green communications.
This paper proposes a novel secure channel estimation technique to provide security against leakage of the channel estimates to any malicious user by utilizing artificial noise (AN) along with full-duplex (FD) transmissions. AN overcomes the drawback of FD transmission, where any strategically located eavesdropper can minimize the interference signal received from the FD receiver. The proposed secure channel estimation technique comprises three stages, where the first stage is responsible for the estimation of the residual self-interference (SI) channel. The second stage acquires rough channel estimates to design AN orthogonal to the channel between legitimate transmitter-receiver for the next training stage. In the third stage, both legitimate nodes transmit orthogonal AN signals along with the known training signals using FD transmissions. For power allocation, we have presented a novel local adaptive power allocation algorithm at each legitimate node to allocate the powers to the training signals, and AN signals while ensuring equivocation at the eavesdropper. We provide the mean square error (MSE) to indicate the performance achieved by the respective nodes. We have also provided the bit error rate (BER) simulation analysis to indicate the secure communication achieved by securing the channel estimation process. The presented simulation analysis indicates that the eavesdropper is unable to decode the transmitted information while the legitimate receiver has robustly decoded the transmitted information.
In this paper, we examine the use of a friendly full-duplex (FD) relay to increase the secrecy rate over a fading channel between the legitimate source and the destination in the presence of residual self-interference (SI) and eavesdropper. In particular, we consider two different protocols based on the FD capability of relay: 1) FD transmission (FDT), in which the FD-Relay receives and sends data concurrently; 2) FD-Relay with jamming (FDJ), where first, the FD-Relay simultaneously receives data and sends jamming to the eavesdropper; then, it forwards the data, while the source jams the eavesdropper. We first develop the secrecy rate expressions for half-duplex transmission (HDT), half-duplex with jamming (HDJ), FDT, and FDJ relaying protocols, and then use them to derive their performance properties in terms of the channel gains between nodes, eavesdropper types, and more importantly, the SI level in FD-Relay. We further investigate the non-convex power allocation problems for the developed FDT and FDJ to maximize the secrecy rate under the power constraints. In particular, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm based on the difference-of-two-concave-functions programming. Analytical and simulation results show the strong influence of SI level on the achieved secrecy rate of the FDT and the FDJ. For sufficiently low SI, FDT achieves a much higher secrecy rate than FDJ, HDJ, and HDT. However, for higher SI, FDJ becomes more effective in enhancing the achieved secrecy rate. The results also indicate that adaptive power allocation can significantly improve the performance and confirm that the proposed FDT and FDJ outperform the HDT and the HDJ.
Full-duplex (FD) jamming transceivers recently have been shown to enhance the information security of wireless communication systems by simultaneously transmitting artificial noise (AN) while receiving information. In this paper, we investigate whether FD jamming can also improve the system's secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) in terms of securely communicated bits per Joule when considering the additional power used for jamming and self-interference (SI) cancellation. Moreover, the degrading effect of the residual SI is also taken into account. In this regard, we formulate a set of SEE maximization problems for a FD multiple-input-multiple-output multiple-antenna eavesdropper (MIMOME) wiretap channel, considering both cases where exact or statistical channel state information (CSI) is available. Due to the intractable problem structure, we propose iterative solutions in each case with a proven convergence to a stationary point. Numerical simulations indicate only a marginal SEE gain, through the utilization of FD jamming, for a wide range of system conditions. However, when SI can efficiently be mitigated, the observed gain is considerable for scenarios with a small distance between the FD node and the eavesdropper, a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or for a bidirectional FD communication setup.
This paper proposes full-duplex transmissions from legitimate nodes to achieve channel estimation performance deterioration at an eavesdropper as compared to the legitimate receiver. The proposed discriminatory channel estimation (DCE) technique comprises of two stages where, in the first stage, the self-interference channel is estimated by the respective legitimate nodes. Followed by in-band full-duplex transmission from both legitimate nodes for channel estimation at legitimate nodes, while providing equivocation at the eavesdropper due to the superposition of two signals. The discrimination of channel estimation performance provides secrecy against the passive eavesdropper while delivering information to the legitimate receiver. We provide the mean square error (MSE) to indicate the performance achieved by linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimators. We have also provided bit error rate (BER), and secrecy capacity analysis to indicate the performance of secure communication achieved by securing the channel estimates from the eavesdropper. The BER analysis shows that for proposed DCE, BER at the eavesdropper is close to 0.1 while the legitimate node is able to robustly decode the information. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed DCE outperforms existing DCE techniques for the considered scenario.
In this paper, we investigate secure short packet transmission from a legitimate transmitter to a receiver in the presence of an active eavesdropper. The aim is to gain more insights into how an active eavesdropper affects the secrecy throughput of short packet communications. The eavesdropper is assumed to have full-duplex (FD) capability, which enables performing eavesdropping and jamming simultaneously. All the communication links in the wiretap channel are assumed to be Rayleigh fading. An approximation of the average achievable secrecy throughput is proposed to measure the security of the system. The proposed approximation is examined and analysed in two different topology scenarios, which are triangular and line topologies. Then, Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to get an understanding of how good the approximation is. The results show that the closed-form expressions have a good match with Monte-Carlo simulations. We also investigate the impact of the eavesdropper's distance to the legitimate nodes as well as the different jamming power levels. Furthermore, self-interference influence on the eavesdropper is discussed.