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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Incoherent Rayleigh Scattering Noise Depression for Single Laser Stable Radio Frequency Transmission

Chen Hu, Bin Luo, Wei Pan, Lianshan Yan, Xihua Zou

Published Jul 13, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The stable radio frequency (RF) transmission scheme involving single wavelength has received increasing attention due to the feature of accurate phase information extraction. However in single laser system, the single side band (SSB) phase noise of output signal will be deteriorated by Rayleigh scattering during long-distance optical transmission. In this work, we propose an incoherent Rayleigh scattering noise depression method in the passive phase compensation stable RF transmission scheme with single laser. The carrier of scattering light is suppressed with narrow-band optical filter based on the Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect, so that the noise generated by the beat of scattering itself will be significantly reduced. As a result, a 5-GHz RF signal stability transmission over 50-km single mode fiber is demonstrated experimentally. The SSB phase noise at 10 KHz offset is 10.9 dB lower than the scenarios without incoherent Rayleigh scattering noise depression. Meanwhile, the phase jitter mean square error is 1.12 ps during$1\times 10^{4}$seconds.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2022.3190434

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The stable radio frequency (RF) transmission scheme involving single wavelength has received increasing attention due to the feature of accurate phase information extraction. However in single laser system, the single side band (SSB) phase noise of output signal will be deteriorated by Rayleigh scattering during long-distance optical transmission. In this work, we propose an incoherent Rayleigh scattering noise depression method in the passive phase compensation stable RF transmission scheme with single laser. The carrier of scattering light is suppressed with narrow-band optical filter based on the Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect, so that the noise generated by the beat of scattering itself will be significantly reduced. As a result, a 5-GHz RF signal stability transmission over 50-km single mode fiber is demonstrated experimentally. The SSB phase noise at 10 KHz offset is 10.9 dB lower than the scenarios without incoherent Rayleigh scattering noise depression. Meanwhile, the phase jitter mean square error is 1.12 ps during1×1041\times 10^{4}1×104seconds.
In long-distance fiber optic transmission, the optic fiber link and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers can introduce excessive noise, which reduces the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). The narrow-band optical filters can be used to eliminate noise and thereby improve OSNR. However, there is a relative frequency drift between the signal and the narrow-band filter, which leads to filtered signal instability. This paper proposes an adaptive OSNR recovery scheme based on a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity with mode width of 6 MHz. Utilizing the comb filtering of F-P cavity, the noise around the carrier and sidebands of the signal is filtered out simultaneously. To avoid frequency mismatch, we propose a double-servo scheme to suppress relative frequency drift between the signal and the F-P cavity. We constructed a stable radio frequency transfer system based on passive phase compensation and compared our scheme with other OSNR recovery schemes based on optical filters. Compared to the schemes based on dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and Waveshaper, our scheme demonstrates an improvement in OSNR of carrier by at least 12 dB and sidebands by at least 23.5 dB. The short-term transfer stability (1 s) is improved by one order of magnitude compared to DWDM and half an order of magnitude compared to Waveshper. This scheme can be applied to the recovery of signals with low OSNR in long-distance fiber optic transmission, improving signal quaility and extending the transmission distance limit.
In this Letter, we propose a fiber-optic radio frequency (RF) transfer based on active phase noise compensation adopting a carrier suppressed double-sideband (CSDSB) signal. The forward CSDSB signal is generated based on the transmitted RF signal at the local site to discriminate from the backward RF signal. The forward and backward signals are transmitted over the same fiber with the same wavelength to guarantee the bidirectional propagation symmetry. The impact of backscattering is efficiently suppressed by electrical filtering at the sites. A 1 GHz signal transfer over a 40 km optical link is performed in a laboratory. The results show that the proposed scheme can improve the short-term stability from 1.9 e-13/s to 3.9 e-14/s in contrast to the scheme with backscattering while reaching a long-term stability of 2.0 e-16/10000 s.
We demonstrate a photonic radio-frequency transmission system via optical fiber. Optical radio-frequency signal is generated utilizing a Mach-Zehnder modulator based on double-side-band with carrier suppression modulation scheme. The phase error induced by optical fiber transmission is transferred to an intermediate frequency signal by the dual-heterodyne phase error transfer scheme, and then canceled by a phase locked loop. With precise phase compensation, a radio frequency with high-phase stability can be obtained at the remote end. We performed 20.07-GHz radio-frequency transfer over 100-km optical fiber, and achieved residual phase noise of -65 dBc/Hz at 1-Hz offset frequency, and the RMS timing jitter in the frequency range from 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz reaches 110 fs. The long-term frequency stability also achieves 8×10(-17) at 10,000 s averaging time.
We report the effect of the double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) noise, in which the interference of the signal light with the double Rayleigh backscattered light, on the fiber-optic radio-frequency (RF) transfer system. Here, we theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate that the DRB noise within the fiber link will become the dominative noise on the fiber-optic RF transfer system once narrow linewidth lasers are used. The strong DRB noise is experimentally confirmed through the measurement of the effect of the coherent interference term of the signal light and the double Rayleigh backscattered light on the 100 km RF transfer system. Our results provide evidence that the conventional RF transfer technique with the telecommunications-grade lasers, in which the chromatic dispersion effect in the single-mode fiber is compensated by dispersion compensation fibers (DCFs), could be the better choice for high-performance RF transfer.
We propose a novel scheme that uses only a single passive phase compensation device to achieve stable optical and radio frequency joint transfer. The phase noises of optical and radio frequency can be simultaneously compensated by passively embedding their phase information on the two optical carrier sidebands generated by an electro-optical modulator without using the phase discrimination and active servo controller. As a result, this scheme has many advantages, such as high spectral purity, short settling time and infinite compensation accuracy. We experimentally demonstrate the joint transfer of optical and 1 GHz RF over 120 km fiber spools. The optical frequency stability achieves 6.9 × 10 −17 at 1 s and 7.03 × 10 −19 at 10000 s, while the 1 GHz RF is 6.47 × 10 −13 at 1 s and 3.96 × 10 −16 at 10000 s.
In this Letter, a passive phase noise compensation-based fiber-optic frequency transfer scheme with frequency dividing and filtering is proposed. The probe signal is divided at the remote site and effectively discriminated from the backscattering noises by electrical bandpass filtering at the local site. By combining the bidirectional transmission with the same wavelength on a single fiber, the scheme can reach the maximum bidirectional propagation symmetry and effectively suppress the effect of backscattering at the same time. The proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated and compared with the scheme with backscattering. The relative frequency stabilities of 3.9×10(-14)/s and 1.2×10(-16)/10(4) s are reached for 40 km transfer, which obviously outperform the scheme with backscattering, especially in terms of short-term stability, and are closed to the floor of the back-to-back experimental system.