Information is already clearly presented in quantum theory; yet, concealed by matter/energy, it can be revealed only on the premise that the data of information is highlighted. Exploring the mysterious “quantum information” is of great significance for both quantum and information theories. The secret of information is hidden in quantum observation. Quantum phenomena are information as receptive relation. It is in this sense that quantum information is the manifestation of information.
Information is already clearly presented in quantum theory; yet, concealed by matter/energy, it can be revealed only on the premise that the data of information is highlighted. Exploring the mysterious “quantum information” is of great significance for both quantum and information theories. The secret of information is hidden in quantum observation. Quantum phenomena are information as receptive relation. It is in this sense that quantum information is the manifestation of information.
This chapter delves into the intriguing connection between quantum mechanics and information. Building upon the receptive relation understanding of information, it sheds light on the prominence of the quantum mechanics of information in the early 20th century – this is the quantum mechanics manifestation of information as receptive relation. The chapter unveils the distinction between classical physics and quantum physics concerning information based on the receptive relation understanding: classical physics is the knowledge system that can be established by attributing receptive relation to objects, thus ignoring information; quantum physics is a knowledge system that cannot be established by attributing the receptive relation to objects and thus cannot ignore information. While information was presented in quantum theory, it was only discernible through data highlighting due to the veil of matter and energy. Exploring the mysterious “quantum information” holds great significance for both quantum physics and information theory. The secret of information as receptive relation lies in quantum observations. Quantum phenomenon itself is information as receptive relation. It is in this sense that quantum information is the manifestation of information; it is the emergence of quantum mechanics of information as receptive relation that lays the foundation for deepening the understanding of information and further studying its basic characteristics and information encoding.
Based on the conviction of switching information from locally accessible to locally hidden environs, the concept of hidden nonlocality activation has recently been highlighted by Bandyopadhyay et al. [Phys. Rev. A 104, L050201 (2021)]. They have demonstrated that a certain locally distinguishable set of pure quantum states can be transformed into a locally indistinguishable set with certainty through orthogonality preserving local measurements. This transformation makes the set locally inaccessible, despite being locally accessible before. This phenomenon is defined as the activation of hidden nonlocality. In this paper, we present two classes of locally distinguishable sets within $(2m+1)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}2\ensuremath{\bigotimes}(2m+1)$ systems. One class reveals nonlocality through local operations, whereas the other requires joint measurements for it. As the latter class depends on nonlocal operations to exhibit nonlocality, it arguably has a lower degree of nonlocality, and accordingly, can be considered as more local compared to the first class. This analysis exhibits a stronger manifestation of locality by elucidating the nuanced interplay between these distinct local phenomena within the framework of quantum state discrimination. Furthermore, we also explore their significant applications in the context of data hiding. Additionally, we introduce the concept of strong local set and compare it with various activable sets, highlighting differences in terms of locality.
Although the interpretation of the concept of information is not clear, even in the classical framework, new interpretive problems have arisen with the advent of the so-called quantum information, which combine the difficulties in understanding the concept of information with the well-known foundational puzzles derived from quantum mechanics itself. The aim of this paper is to consider some arguments traditionally put forward to support the idea that quantum information is qualitatively different from classical information. The final conclusion is that there are no reasons to admit the existence of quantum information as qualitatively different from classical information: there is only one kind of information, physically neutral, which can be encoded by means of classical or quantum states.
The mainstream interpretation of quantum entanglement and its derivative phenomena has long relied on concepts such as non-locality and superposition, leading to a lack of dynamical mechanism description for wave function collapse and creating profound conflicts with physical causality. This paper, based on the "Great Tao Model" and its "Existence Field Theory," proposes a systematic and unified interpretation of quantum entanglement phenomena, exemplified by the experiments recognized by the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics. First, it analyzes the erroneous presuppositions in the derivation of Bell's inequality based on Existence Field Theory and establishes a general classical interpretation framework grounded in "static initial correlations" and "local interactions." Subsequently, through a classical physical reconstruction of milestone experiments such as Aspect's, it demonstrates that this framework is sufficient to explain all observed phenomena self-consistently, without introducing "non-local superluminal action." Building on this, the paper successfully extends this interpretative framework to core quantum phenomena such as quantum decoherence, teleportation, and many-body entanglement, revealing that they also originate from classical conservation law constraints and local field interactions. Furthermore, this paper compares the Great Tao Model with hidden variable theories, finding that although both belong to the classical realism camp and oppose non-locality, the Great Tao Model requires no introduction of any hidden variables. Instead, it explains phenomena directly based on the specific physical properties (charge, mass) of elementary particles and the local dynamics of their existence fields, thus providing a more physically realistic and unified theoretical framework. This study offers a unified, causality-compliant classical explanation for a series of quantum phenomena claimed to exhibit "non-locality," fundamentally challenging the conceptual foundation of related quantum information technologies and providing a new path for physics to return to a theoretical paradigm based on realism, locality, and clear dynamical mechanisms.
Quantum information stands apart from classical information, rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. Quantum states serve as the fundamental unit of quantum information, whose evolution is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. While some philosophers, such as A. Duwell have argued that there is no quantum information, which is not a new concept and can be described using Shannon information theory, others, like C. M. Caves and C. A. Fuchs have proposed that quantum information represents classical information stored within quantum systems. However, this chapter argues that quantum information exists and is different from classical information from the perspectives of how information exists and how it is transmitted. Quantum information, unlike classical information, can be categorized into two kinds: Ontological quantum information and epistemological quantum information, where the former reflects the inherent state of microscopic particles, which is independent of observation, and the latter describes how we perceive their state through measurements. Finally, this chapter explores the connection between quantum information and quantum reality. Quantum reality refers to the show of the self-identity of quantum entities. Quantum information, on the other hand, is the show of the states and correlative ways of quantum entities, and it coexists with quantum reality.
Introduction Quantum information theory is the study of how the peculiar features of quantum mechanics can be exploited for the purposes of information processing and transmission. A central theme of such a study is the ways in which quantum mechanics opens up possibilities that go beyond what can be achieved classically. This has in turn led to a renewed interest in, and a new perspective on, the differences between the classical and the quantum. Although much of the work along these lines has been motivated by quantum information theory – and some of it has been motivated by the conviction that quantum theory is essentially about possibilities of information processing and transmission – the results obtained, and the frameworks developed, have interest even for those of us who are not of that conviction. Indeed, much of the recent work echoes, and builds upon, work that predates the inception of quantum information theory. The significance of such work extends beyond the setting of quantum information theory; the work done on distinguishing the quantum from the classical in the context of frameworks that embrace both is something worthy of the attention of anyone interested in the foundational issues surrounding quantum theory. One of the striking features of quantum mechanics lies in its probabilistic character. A quantum state yields, not a definite prediction of the outcome of an experiment, but a probability measure on the space of possible outcomes. Of course, probabilities occur also in a classical context.