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Lecture notes in electrical engineering

Research Progress on Mercury Ion Microwave Clock for Time Keeping

Bibo Yan, Hao Liu, Yi-He Chen, Ge Liu, Weichao Liu, Jian Wang, Lei She

Published Jan 1, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-19-2576-4_30

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Abstract The mercury ion microwave clock is considered to be one of the leading candidates for new generation satellite navigation atomic clocks due to its excellent long-term frequency stability, extremely low frequency drift rate, high reliability and good potential for miniaturization. In recent years, the performance and maturity of the space mercury ion microwave clock have improved rapidly, and the reported long-term stability results are mostly in low 10 − 15 level. In this article, we present a compact prototype of mercury ion microwave clock aiming to spaceborne applications with the long-term stability of 10 − 16 . By regulating the physical effects contributing to the clock transition frequency shifts, the clock maintains a white frequency noise Allan deviation of 2.8×10 − 13 / τ 1/2 even with the averaging time τ over 10 5 s and achieves the long-term stability of 6.3 × 10 − 16 for averaging times of 200000 s. The space mercury ion microwave clock with such level performance will benefit the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and a wide range of space science and missions.

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In this paper, we report our recent effort on developing a micro mercury trapped ion atomic clock. In particular, we present preliminary results of a mercury-ion clock using a 15-cc vacuum trap tube. The mercury-ion clock can achieve a short-term fractional frequency instability of 1.5 ×10!12τ!1/2and reach a fractional frequency instability of 3 ×10!14after averaging for an hour. The clock can remain at the 10!14fractional frequency instability level up to several hours. Furthermore, the sealed 15-cc vacuum tube has demonstrated a very long ion lifetime of over two hundred days. We also investigated the mercury vapor density inside the vacuum trap tube by measuring the coherence time of the microwave clock transition.

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Abstract The mercury ion microwave clock is considered to be one of the leading candidates for new generation satellite navigation atomic clocks due to its excellent long-term frequency stability, extremely low frequency drift rate, high reliability and good potential for miniaturization. In recent years, the performance and maturity of the space mercury ion microwave clock have improved rapidly, and the reported long-term stability results are mostly in low 10 − 15 level. In this article, we present a compact prototype of mercury ion microwave clock aiming to spaceborne applications with the long-term stability of 10 − 16 . By regulating the physical effects contributing to the clock transition frequency shifts, the clock maintains a white frequency noise Allan deviation of 2.8×10 − 13 / τ 1/2 even with the averaging time τ over 10 5 s and achieves the long-term stability of 6.3 × 10 − 16 for averaging times of 200000 s. The space mercury ion microwave clock with such level performance will benefit the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and a wide range of space science and missions.
In this paper, we report our recent effort on developing a micro mercury trapped ion atomic clock. In particular, we present preliminary results of a mercury-ion clock using a 15-cc vacuum trap tube. The mercury-ion clock can achieve a short-term fractional frequency instability of 1.5 ×10!12τ!1/2and reach a fractional frequency instability of 3 ×10!14after averaging for an hour. The clock can remain at the 10!14fractional frequency instability level up to several hours. Furthermore, the sealed 15-cc vacuum tube has demonstrated a very long ion lifetime of over two hundred days. We also investigated the mercury vapor density inside the vacuum trap tube by measuring the coherence time of the microwave clock transition.