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Results in Physics

Moiré superlattice structures in a rotating two-component Bose–Einstein condensates

Jingjing Jin, Wei Han, Zhao Huifang, Wen-Yuan Liu

Published Jun 30, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the Moiré superlattice structures generated by the interplay between vortex lattice and optical lattice in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. Square vortex lattices are generated in both components of the rapidly rotating condensates, and an optical lattice with the same geometry as the vortex lattice is acted on the condensates for a short interval. The optical lattice provides a sudden phase imprint, leading to the appearance of a transient phonon lattice. Such lattice, combined with vortex lattice and twisted an angle from each other, results in the generation of transient Moiré superlattice. The possible superlattice patterns under different twist angles are studied, and the corresponding vertex spacing is determined. We also study the relative shift of the Moir é superlattices in two components of the condensates and give the corresponding shift vector. Our results enrich the quantum phases in cold atomic systems, and contribute to the understanding of Moiré physics in these systems.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105780

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We investigate the Moiré superlattice structures generated by the interplay between vortex lattice and optical lattice in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. Square vortex lattices are generated in both components of the rapidly rotating condensates, and an optical lattice with the same geometry as the vortex lattice is acted on the condensates for a short interval. The optical lattice provides a sudden phase imprint, leading to the appearance of a transient phonon lattice. Such lattice, combined with vortex lattice and twisted an angle from each other, results in the generation of transient Moiré superlattice. The possible superlattice patterns under different twist angles are studied, and the corresponding vertex spacing is determined. We also study the relative shift of the Moir é superlattices in two components of the condensates and give the corresponding shift vector. Our results enrich the quantum phases in cold atomic systems, and contribute to the understanding of Moiré physics in these systems.
Recently, the simulation of moiré physics using cold atom platforms has gained significant attention. These platforms provide an opportunity to explore novel aspects of moiré physics that go beyond the limits of traditional condensed matter systems. Building on recent experimental advancements in creating twisted bilayer spin-dependent optical lattices for pseudospin-1/2 Bose gases, we extend this concept to a trilayer optical lattice for spin-1 Bose gases. Unlike conventional moiré patterns, which are typically induced by interlayer tunneling or interspin coupling, the moiré pattern in this trilayer system arises from inter-species atomic interactions. We investigate the ground state of Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in this spin-1 twisted optical lattice under both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. We find that the ground state forms a periodic pattern of distinct phases in the homogeneous case, including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, polar, and broken axial symmetry phases. Additionally, by quenching the optical lattice potential strength, we examine the quench dynamics of the system above the ground state and observe the emergence of topological excitations such as vortex pairs. This study provides a pathway for exploring the rich physics of spin-1 twisted optical lattices and expands our understanding of moiré systems in synthetic quantum platforms.
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This body of work examines the non-equilibrium dynamics of vortex lattice carrying Bose–Einstein condensates. We solve the mean-feld Gross–Pitaevskii equation for a two-dimensional pancake geometry, in the co-rotating frame within the limit of high rotation frequencies. The condensate responds to this by creating a large periodic lattice of vortices with 6-fold triangular symmetry. By applying two distinct perturbations to this lattice, we examine the resulting effects on the vortices during time evolution. The frst perturbation involves applying an optical potential with matching geometry to the vortex lattice. We observe the appearance of interference fringes, and we show that these can be described by moiré interference theory. This is backed up by a decomposition of the kinetic energy spectra of the condensate. The applied perturbation only modifes the condensate density, with the vortex positions largely unaffected. From this we conclude that the vortex lattice is very stable and robust against phononic disturbances. Next, by removing vortices at predefned positions in the lattice using phase imprinting techniques, we examine the resulting order of the lattice. By performing this we generate stable topological defects in the crystal structure. The resulting lattice remains highly ordered in the presence of low numbers of these defects, where crystal structure and order of the lattice shows to be highly robust. By varying the type of imprinted phases we can create controllable degrees of disorder in the lattice. This disorder is analysed using orientational correlations, Delaunay triangulation, and Voronoi diagrams of the vortex lattice, and demonstrates a method for examining order and generating disorder in vortex lattices in Bose–Einstein condensates. All work described makes extensive use of GPU computing techniques, and allows for the simulation of these systems to be realised in short times. The implementation of the calculations using GPU computing are also discussed, where the software is shown to be the fastest of its kind out of the independently tested software suites.
Abstract In ultracold atomic gases, optical lattices and spin-orbit coupling are two important and useful linear means to study and control the nonlinear and quantum dynamics of matter waves, and both have been well realized in experiments. Here, nonlinear localization of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in moiré optical lattices is revealed theoretically, stressing the existence and stability of localized modes of diverse types including fundamental, half-vortex matter-wave gap solitons, and full-vortex ones (of both components). Notably, to our knowledge, a new type of vector vortex gap solitons, which is composed of a gap vortex soliton (singular mode) and a rhombic-array gap vortex (quadruple mode), is predicted in our two-component theoretical framework. It is also found that the model exhibits unique linear Bloch band structures including band splitting and extremely-flat bands, because of which all the predicted localized modes tend to be robustly stable, backed by our direct perturbed simulations. Our results demonstrate that the moiré pattern (and its joint cooperation with spin-orbit coupling) provides great possibilities to explore flat-band and moiré physics in ultracold atoms, and to further investigate the nonlinear dynamics.
We consider a rapidly rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with short-range sss-wave interactions as well as dipolar coupling. We calculate the phase diagram of vortex lattice structures as a function of the intercomponent sss-wave interaction and the strength of the dipolar interaction. We find that the long-range interactions cause new vortex lattice structures to be stable and lead to a richer phase diagram. Our results reduce to the previously found lattice structures for short-range interactions and single-component dipolar gases in the corresponding limits.