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International Carpathian Control Conference

Classifying Mechanical Vibrations using Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Angle Encoding

Mihai n Bebe Simion, Dan Selișteanu, Dorin Șendrescu

Published May 29, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Artificial Neural Networks are computing models that have been leading the progress in Machine Learning applications. In parallel, the first quantum computing devices have become available, paving the way for a new paradigm in information processing. Data representation is important for machine learning models. High-dimensional data can be converted to low dimensional codes efficiently by an artificial neural network. Due to quantum properties, a quantum algorithm can also perform this task, leaving only the neural network to perform the classification. In this paper, a quantum angle encoding algorithm is used to encode the vibration data into a binary representation, leaving the artificial neural networks for the classification. The vibration data in converted by applying a rotation on each of the Bloch sphere axes (X, Y and Z). After the rotation is performed, a measurement is made, collapsing the state into a single binary representation (0 or 1). Using the original and the converted data, multiple artificial neural networks topologies were trained to classify the data.

DOI
10.1109/iccc54292.2022.9805920

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Artificial Neural Networks are computing models that have been leading the progress in Machine Learning applications. In parallel, the first quantum computing devices have become available, paving the way for a new paradigm in information processing. Data representation is important for machine learning models. High-dimensional data can be converted to low dimensional codes efficiently by an artificial neural network. Due to quantum properties, a quantum algorithm can also perform this task, leaving only the neural network to perform the classification. In this paper, a quantum angle encoding algorithm is used to encode the vibration data into a binary representation, leaving the artificial neural networks for the classification. The vibration data in converted by applying a rotation on each of the Bloch sphere axes (X, Y and Z). After the rotation is performed, a measurement is made, collapsing the state into a single binary representation (0 or 1). Using the original and the converted data, multiple artificial neural networks topologies were trained to classify the data.
Abstract Machine learning can make predictions on unseen data by extracting information and constructing algorithms and statistical models from the training data, which is highly desirable for speech recognition and computer vision. Quantum computing harnesses the phenomena of quantum mechanics realizing parallel computing, which could solve certain computational problems, such as RSA encryption significantly faster than classical computers. Quantum machine learning is reasonable to enable machine learning faster than that of classical computers by utilizing quantum operations. Binary classification is a typical quantum machine learning task applied to single qubits. Here we present a binary classifier for regions. Firstly, we sample two sets of quantum data points located in the X-Z plane of the Bloch sphere randomly. Then we utilize a single parameterized rotation gate and measure the qubits along the Z axis. We train the hybrid model combined by quantum mdoel and classical Neutral network and regard the corss entropy the predictions of the classical Netural network and labels as the loss function. Based on the above, we present the results of the trained hybrid model to classify new quantum qubits.
Artificial neural networks (ANN) proved to be efficient in solving many problems for big data analytics using machine learning. The complex and non-linear features of the input data can be learned and generalized by ANN. In the big data era, enormous amounts of data arrive from multiple sources. A stage is expected to be reached where even supercomputers are likely inundated with the big data. Training an ANN in such a situation is a challenging task due to the size and dimension of the big data. Also, a large number of parameters are to be used and optimized in the network to learn the patterns and analyze such data. Quantum computing is emerging as a field that provides a solution to this problem as a quantum computer can represent data differently using qubits. Qubits on quantum computers can be used to detect the hidden patterns in data that are difficult for a classical computer to find. Hence, there exists a huge scope for application in the area of artificial neural networks. In this work, we primarily focused on training an artificial neural network using qubits as artificial neurons. The simulation results show that our quantum computing approach for ANN (QC ANN) is efficient when compared to classical ANN. The model with qubits as artificial neurons can learn the features of data using fewer parameters for a binary classification task. We demonstrate our experiment using a quantum simulator and optimization of the quantum parameters used in QC ANN is carried out on a classical computer.
Quantum machine learning is one of the most exciting new avenues in the world of artificial intelligence, especially because of the enormous computational power of quantum computers and the promise of the development of near error-free quantum computers in the not-so-distant future. For quantum algorithms to be used in real-life applications, quantum computers must be able to work with classical data. One of the key steps in quantum algorithms dealing with classical data is the encoding of classical data points to quantum states, which can then be processed by quantum gates. It is known that the type of encoding technique that works best for a particular network is dependent on the dataset being used. In this paper, a new parallel structure is proposed utilizing two encoding techniques, namely amplitude encoding and angle encoding, for effective classical data classification via quantum neural network. The paper further proposes a maximally expressible and entangled ansatz used to design a simple Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) with only 32 parameters, that is used in the latter stages of the network and is kept the same across all encoding instances so that a comparison between the different encoding methods is possible. Extensive experimentation is carried out on two publicly available image datasets, namely MNIST and Fashion MNIST. The results show that the proposed method achieves better results than any of the encoding techniques deployed alone for binary classification.
The simulation of quantum matter with classical hardware plays a central role in the discovery and development of quantum many-body systems, with far-reaching implications in condensed matter physics and quantum technologies. In general, efficient and sophisticated algorithms are required to overcome the severe challenge posed by the exponential scaling of the Hilbert space of quantum systems. In contrast, hardware built with quantum bits of information are inherently capable of efficiently finding solutions of quantum many-body problems. While a universal and scalable quantum computer is still beyond the horizon, recent advances in qubit manufacturing and coherent control of synthetic quantum matter are leading to a new generation of intermediate scale quantum hardware. \n \nThe complexity underlying quantum many-body systems closely resembles the one encountered in many problems in the world of information and technology. In both contexts, the complexity stems from a large number of interacting degrees of freedom. A powerful strategy in the latter scenario is machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence where large amounts of data are used to extract relevant features and patterns. In particular, artificial neural networks have been demonstrated to be capable of discovering low-dimensional representations of complex objects from high-dimensional dataset, leading to the profound technological revolution we all witness in our daily life. \n \nIn this Thesis, we envision a new paradigm for scientific discovery in quantum physics. On the one hand, we have the essentially unlimited data generated with the increasing amount of highly controllable quantum hardware. On the other hand, we have a set of powerful algorithms that efficiently capture non-trivial correlations from high-dimensional data. Therefore, we fully embrace this data-driven approach to quantum mechanics, and anticipate new exciting possibilities in the field of quantum many-body physics and quantum information science. We revive a powerful stochastic neural network called a restricted Boltzmann machine, which slowly moved out of fashion after playing a central role in the machine learning revolution of the early 2010s. We introduce a neural-network representation of quantum states based on this generative model. We propose a set of algorithms to reconstruct unknown quantum states from measurement data and numerically demonstrate their potential, with important implications for current experiments. These include the reconstruction of experimentally inaccessible properties, such as entanglement, and diagnostics to determine sources of noise. Furthermore, we introduce a machine learning framework for quantum error correction, where a neural network learns the best decoding strategy directly from data. We expect that the full integration between quantum hardware and artificial intelligence will become the gold standard, and will drive the world into the era of fault-tolerant quantum computing and large-scale quantum simulations.
In this paper, machine learning and artificial neural network models are proposed for quantum noise classification in stochastic quantum dynamics. For this purpose, we train and then validate support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron and recurrent neural network, models with different complexity and accuracy, to solve supervised binary classification problems. By exploiting the quantum random walk formalism, we demonstrate the high efficacy of such tools in classifying noisy quantum dynamics using data sets collected in a single realisation of the quantum system evolution. In addition, we also show that for a successful classification one just needs to measure, in a sequence of discrete time instants, the probabilities that the analysed quantum system is in one of the allowed positions or energy configurations, without any external driving. Thus, neither measurements of quantum coherences nor sequences of control pulses are required. Since in principle the training of the machine learning models can be performed a-priori on synthetic data, our approach is expected to find direct application in a vast number of experimental schemes and also for the noise benchmarking of the already available noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
In this paper, we present classical machine learning algorithms enhanced by quantum technology to classify a data set. The data set contains binary input variables and binary output variables. The goal is to extend classical approaches such as neural networks by using quantum machine learning principles. Classical algorithms struggle as the dimensionality of the feature space increases. We examine the usage of quantum technologies to speed up these classical algorithms and to introduce the new quantum paradigm into machine diagnostic domain. Most of the prognosis models based on binary or multi-valued classification have become increasingly complex throughout the recent past. Starting with a short introduction into quantum computing, we will present an approach of combining quantum computing and classical machine learning to the reader. Further, we show different implementations of quantum classification algorithms. Finally, the algorithms presented are applied to a data set. The results of the implementations are shown and discussed in the last section.