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Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation

Guang S. He

Published Feb 25, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book that comprehensively covers the following three major areas: (1) Quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes; (2) Various stimulated scattering effects, including the early discovered stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the later investigated stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), and the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS); (3) Multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects, photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects. Each chapter covers: (i) the concept and mechanism description, (ii) the necessary theoretical formulation, (iii) the experimental research achievements, and (iv) the scientific/technological applications. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is useful and suitable for academics, experts, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.

DOI
10.1093/oso/9780192895615.001.0001

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Abstract Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book that comprehensively covers the following three major areas: (1) Quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes; (2) Various stimulated scattering effects, including the early discovered stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the later investigated stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), and the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS); (3) Multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects, photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects. Each chapter covers: (i) the concept and mechanism description, (ii) the necessary theoretical formulation, (iii) the experimental research achievements, and (iv) the scientific/technological applications. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is useful and suitable for academics, experts, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.
When a high-intensity laser beam passes through a transparent and homogeneous optical medium, the induced light scattering may manifest the properties of stimulated radiation characterized by threshold requirement, high directionality, and high brightness. This is the stimulated scattering of intense coherent light. Discoveries and studies of various types of stimulated scattering effects have provided a much deeper and more comprehensive understanding of interactions between the intense coherent light and matter. On the other hand, devices based on stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering can be employed as highly efficient tunable frequency shifters of coherent light. Stimulated Kerr scattering can be used to generate a super-broadband coherent light and to investigate the molecular anisotropy of liquids. In addition, the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering and stimulated Mie scattering can significantly reduce the threshold requirement, and provide a highly efficient no-frequency-shift optical phase conjugation wave.
There has recently been a rapid growth of activity in nonlinear optics. Effects such as frequency doubling, stimulated Raman scattering, phase conjugation and solitons are of great interest both for their fundamental properties and their many important applications in science and engineering. It is mainly these applications - especially in telecommunications and information processing - that have stimulated the recent surge of activity. This book is a self contained account of the most important principles of nonlinear optics. Assuming only a familiarity with basic mathematics, the fundamentals of nonlinear optics are fully developed from basic concepts. The essential quantum mechanical apparatus is introduced and explained. In later chapters the underlying ideas are illustrated by discussing particular experimental configurations and materials. This book will be an invaluable introduction to the field for beginning graduates in physics or engineering, and will provide an excellent overview and reference work for active researchers in the field.
Selected topics related to the fundamentals of nonlinear optics are discussed. First, a brief description on the theory of nonlinear optical susceptibilities is given. Emphasis is on the basic properties, on the recently developed bond theory, and on the dispersion of nonlinear susceptibilities. Then the coupled wave approach is discussed. It is shown that the transverse resonant excitation in material can be treated as a material excitational wave, and most nonlinear optics problems can be understood as results of coupling between em waves or em and material excitational waves. A number of examples of current interest are presented. These include sum- and difference-frequency generation, Raman scattering by coherent excitation, stimulated Raman and stimulated polariton scattering, four-wave mixing, and vibrational relaxation measurements. Finally, the physical distinction between laser emission and resonant stimulated Raman scattering in an optically pumped three-level system are considered. A similar problem on the distinction of hot luminescence and resonant Raman scattering has recently attracted much attention. It is shown that the hot laser action is connected directly with the population inversion, while the resonant stimulated Raman scattering is connected with transverse excitation. The problem is, however, more complicated for a multi-level system. (auth)
Peter Franken was a remarkable man. Immediately after the invention of the laser in 1960, he realized its potentialities for nonlinear effects. His revolutionary paper on second harmonic generation appeared in 1961. It started a revolution in optics, in spite of the fact that some picture editor had removed the spectral spot that was the proof of the effect. Within a few years the experimental field exploded and Bloembergen and collaborators had developed the theory of the new effects to a point that merited his textbook of 1965. Peter Franken turned 70 in 1998 and the traditional Festschrift was prepared. Unfortunately he passed away in 1999, and the book appeared as a dedication to his memory. And a very suitable one it is, because it covers many of the topics he initiated and much of the recent developments following from them. As a long-time friend and colleague, Professor Prokhorov writes the introduction. The book has reviews of topics in nonlinear optics, following their developments up to the late 1990s: Atomic time standards (Ramsay), Femtosecond phenomena at nonlinear optical boundaries (Bloembergen et al ), Nuclear excitation in plasmas (Sobelman) and Raman scattering (Powell and Basiev). Novel fields with strong connections to optics are presented: Quantum interference effects on optical dispersion (Scully et al ), Excitonic features in semiconductor cavities (Gibbs et al ), Nonlinear atom optics (Meystre et al ) and Laser-induced particle emission spectroscopy with atomic resolution (Letokhov). The field mentioned last has been developed by Professor Letokhov in recent years, and I do not know any other place where its methods and potentialities are presented in this detail. The book is a valuable source of information on recent progress in the topics included. It summarizes many important developments of contemporary laser physics. If one wants to get an overview of this research, the book is very valuable. The level of treatment varies a little, from purely descriptive to highly detailed; that is inevitable when many authors are involved. Reading the text requires a certain ability to discern and choose; hence it is no textbook for students. A mature and interested reader, however, can learn much from the book. The most recent developments will, no doubt, become dated, but so much material is central to the field of research that the main part of the text is of lasting value. Groups and individuals working in the area of laser physics will find the volume challenging and useful as a general reference. Here one can look up earlier material and find out its relevance to the most recent progress. Stig Stenholm
This paper reviews the main experimental and theoretical developments in stimulated Raman scattering of light, which has been actively investigated since 1962. The effect cannot be discussed properly without paying attention to related nonlinear effects which include stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering, self-focusing of light, and modulation of the refractive index. The physical processes are emphasized and no encyclopedic survey of all the data and the research literature is attempted, but a brief historical account is added in the final section.
A review is given of experimental and theoretical achievements in studies of multiphoton spontaneous scattering processes in atomic and molecular media. An analysis is made of integral multiphoton scattering, particularly of scattering in statistically inhomogeneous media with short-range quasiorder. A study of the intensity of the noncoherent multiphoton scattering component provides direct information on the nonlinear polarizability of atoms and molecules whilst the coherent component is associated with various atomic and molecular correlation mechanisms. An analysis of the spectra of elastic and inelastic multiphoton scattering processes yields information on the translational and rotational motion of the molecules. In particular, it is possible to measure the higher-order rotational relaxation times and to verify the adequacy of the various stochastic models of molecular motion. Observations of the spectral lines of three- or more-photon scattering, which obeys new selection rules, yield detail on the fine structure of the molecules and their linear and nonlinear vibrations. Examples are given of the most interesting spectra of three- or more-photon scattering in gases, liquids, and crystals obtained in singleand multichannel systems. The stochastic theory of multiphoton scattering in liquids is discussed, using the spherical tensor concept. The derived general expression reduces to known results for certain cases.