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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Low‐Light Shadow Imaging Using Quadrature‐Noise Detection with a Camera

Savannah L. Cuozzo, Pratik J. Barge, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Narayan Bhusal, Hwang Lee, Lior Cohen, Irina V. Novikova, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov

Published Jun 9, 2022• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper experimentally demonstrates an imaging technique based on quadrature noise modification after interaction with an opaque object. By using a homodyne‐like detection scheme, the detrimental effect of the camera dark noise is eliminated, making this approach particularly attractive for imaging scenarios which require weak illumination. As an example, the image of an object illuminated with a squeezed vacuum is reconstructed using a total of 800 probing photons, utilizing less than one photon per frame on average.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202100147

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Abstract This paper experimentally demonstrates an imaging technique based on quadrature noise modification after interaction with an opaque object. By using a homodyne‐like detection scheme, the detrimental effect of the camera dark noise is eliminated, making this approach particularly attractive for imaging scenarios which require weak illumination. As an example, the image of an object illuminated with a squeezed vacuum is reconstructed using a total of 800 probing photons, utilizing less than one photon per frame on average.
In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the possibility to create an image of an opaque object using a few-photon thermal optical field. We utilize the quadrature-noise shadow imaging (QSI) technique that detects the changes in the quadrature-noise statistics of the probe beam after its interaction with an object. We show that such a thermal QSI scheme has an advantage over the classical differential imaging when the effect of dark counts is considered. At the same time, the easy availability of thermal sources for any wavelength makes the method practical for broad range of applications, not accessible with, e.g., quantum squeezed light. As a proof of principle, we implement this scheme by two different light sources: a pseudo-thermal beam generated by rotating ground glass (RGG) method and a thermal beam generated by four-wave mixing (FWM) method. The RGG method shows simplicity and robustness of QSI scheme while the FWM method validates theoretical signal-to-noise ratio predictions. Finally, we demonstrate low-light imaging abilities with QSI by imaging a biological specimen on a CCD camera, detecting as low as 0.03 photons on average per pixel per 1.7 µs exposure.
We present a technique for squeezed light detection based on direct imaging of the displaced-squeezed-vacuum state using a CCD camera. We show that the squeezing parameter can be accurately estimated using only the first two moments of the recorded pixel-to-pixel photon fluctuation statistics, with accuracy that rivals that of the standard squeezing detection methods such as a balanced homodyne detection. Finally, we numerically simulate the camera operation, reproducing the noisy experimental results with low signal samplings and confirming the theory with high signal samplings.
Imaging based on the induced coherence effect makes use of photon pairs to obtain information of an object without detecting the light that probes it. While one photon illuminates the object, only its partner is detected, so no measurement of coincidence events is needed. The sought-after object's information is revealed, observing a certain interference pattern on the detected photon. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that this imaging technique can be made resilient to noise. We introduce an imaging distillation approach based on the interferometric modulation of the signal of interest. We show that our scheme can generate a high-quality image of an object even against noise levels up to 250 times the actual signal of interest. We also include a detailed theoretical explanation of our findings.