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Quantum Electronics

Interaction of blackbody radiation with rubidium and caesium atoms in small-angular-momentum Rydberg states

Igor L. Glukhov, Aleksandr A. Kamenski, Vitalii D Ovsiannikov

Published Jun 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We examine the possibilities of refining an asymptotic description and quantitative calculations of the effects induced by thermal blackbody radiation (BBR) of the environment on the Rydberg states of atoms. Numerical values are calculated and asymptotic expressions are proposed for simplified estimates of natural lifetimes and threshold photoionisation cross sections for Rydberg states of rubidium and caesium atoms with large values of the principal quantum number, n ⩾ 20, and small orbital momenta, l = 0, 1, 2, 3. Based on analytical expressions, we present numerical estimates for the contributions of photoionisation probabilities to the BBR-induced broadening of the Rydberg energy level, as well as the contributions of continuum integrals to thermally induced shifts in the Rydberg-state energy levels.

DOI
10.1070/qel18059

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Abstract We examine the possibilities of refining an asymptotic description and quantitative calculations of the effects induced by thermal blackbody radiation (BBR) of the environment on the Rydberg states of atoms. Numerical values are calculated and asymptotic expressions are proposed for simplified estimates of natural lifetimes and threshold photoionisation cross sections for Rydberg states of rubidium and caesium atoms with large values of the principal quantum number, n ⩾ 20, and small orbital momenta, l = 0, 1, 2, 3. Based on analytical expressions, we present numerical estimates for the contributions of photoionisation probabilities to the BBR-induced broadening of the Rydberg energy level, as well as the contributions of continuum integrals to thermally induced shifts in the Rydberg-state energy levels.
Abstract We present the derivation of simple analytical expressions for calculating the widths of Rydberg states with small orbital angular momenta in Zn+, Cd+, Hg+ ions of group IIb of the periodic system of elements induced by blackbody radiation (BBR) at ambient temperatures from 100 to 3000 K. The probabilities of radiative transitions from excited nS, nP, nD and nF states to all dipole-accessible states of ions are calculated. The wave functions of the quantum defect (QD) method for the initial and final states of the Rydberg electron are used to calculate the amplitudes of transitions between bound states. The dependences of the probabilities of induced decays and excitations on the BBR temperature, the principal and orbital quantum numbers of the Rydberg ion are determined. Analytical expressions are derived for numerical estimates of the contributions of the probabilities of thermally induced decays and excitations to the width of the Rydberg energy level. The numerical values of the coefficients of interpolation polynomials representing asymptotic expansions in powers of the principal quantum number n for the relative probabilities of decays and excitations of Rydberg states with large values of n and small orbital angular momenta l = 0, 1, 2, 3 are calculated.
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The effect of a thermal field on Rydberg states of the nS-, nP- and nD-series in beryllium ions Be+ is investigated. The blackbody radiation-induced depopulation rates caused by transitions to upper (excitations) and lower (decays) bound levels and to the continuum (ionization) are calculated in wide ranges of the principal quantum numbers n and ambient temperatures. Simple and reliable approximations for natural lifetimes and stimulated by thermal radiation depopulation rate components are proposed. The blackbody-radiation-induced shifts of Rydberg levels are also calculated and their qualitative and quantitative properties are analysed.
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Abstract First evaluations of the blackbody-radiation (BBR)-induced shift and broadening of highly excited Rydberg states were based on the account of only the first term of the expansion for the Planck’s distribution in powers of the ratio of the BBR-photon energy to the environmental thermal energy. The corresponding asymptotic expression for the shift is proportional to a sum rule for the oscillator strengths, which is identical for all states, independently of their principal and angular-momentum quantum numbers. The broadening appeared proportional to the sum of the oscillator-strength first moments, which is dependent on only the principal quantum number, being independent of the state’s angular momentum. In this article, we demonstrate that the account of higher-order terms of the Planck’s distribution expansion provides corrections revealing the dependence of asymptotic shift and broadening on the Rydberg-state principal and angular-momentum quantum numbers. The strongest corrections are observed for states with low angular momenta, in agreement with earlier performed numerical calculations. Sum rules for higher moments of oscillator strengths are used for evaluating the corrections for the BBR-induced broadening and shift of Rydberg-state energy levels in neutral atoms and ions of arbitrary nuclear charge Z .