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Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition

Quantum Measurement as Pragmatic Information Transfer

Markus Maier, Moritz C. Dechamps, Thomas Rabeyron

Published May 13, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Objective. In the research presented here, quantum measurement is conceptualized as pragmatic information transfer when an intentional observer perceives motive-relevant quantum-based outcomes. Owing to the nature of pragmatic information as described in Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information, this information transfer causes an observer-dependent intentional co-formation of reality and can only be scientifically documented under reduced objectivity conditions. The effects thus reflect a “sobjective” reality that occupies the space between subjectivity and objectivity. The present study was designed to find evidence for the existence of this sobjective reality. Method. A pre-registered micro-psychokinesis task involving a quantum random number generator assessed the impact of intentional observation on quantum-based stochastic outcomes under experimental variations of the applied measures’ objectivity. Results. As predicted, an intentionally congruent bias in quantum-based outcomes was observed using subjective memory data from the observations when additional objective computer-stored data were not inspected and finally erased (i.e., objectivity was reduced). Quantum randomness was confirmed in a maximum objective data collection context for both stored and memory data. Conclusion. The results indicate that pragmatic information was transferred during trial observation when scientific objectivity was reduced. The evidence for intentionally based reality formation or quantum-based random reality emergence was thus shown to be a function of the measurements’ objectivity levels. The data suggest the existence of a sobjective reality and that a physicalist/materialist or an intentional creation worldview depends on the presence of an intentional agent and the definition of the measurement process.

DOI
10.31156/jaex.23535

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The second part of this presentation will focus on the very nature of “convergence,” a notion raised during consultations relating to the future European Quantum Act, for which IAUPL submitted its consultative response in December 2025. It will examine how these principles of “Convergence” could be systematized within future normative instruments and how they could ultimately spread and generate impact at the international level within the framework of global governance of quantum technologies and the knowledge systems associated with them.

•Jun 1, 2026•0 citations
Objective. In the research presented here, quantum measurement is conceptualized as pragmatic information transfer when an intentional observer perceives motive-relevant quantum-based outcomes. Owing to the nature of pragmatic information as described in Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information, this information transfer causes an observer-dependent intentional co-formation of reality and can only be scientifically documented under reduced objectivity conditions. The effects thus reflect a “sobjective” reality that occupies the space between subjectivity and objectivity. The present study was designed to find evidence for the existence of this sobjective reality. Method. A pre-registered micro-psychokinesis task involving a quantum random number generator assessed the impact of intentional observation on quantum-based stochastic outcomes under experimental variations of the applied measures’ objectivity. Results. As predicted, an intentionally congruent bias in quantum-based outcomes was observed using subjective memory data from the observations when additional objective computer-stored data were not inspected and finally erased (i.e., objectivity was reduced). Quantum randomness was confirmed in a maximum objective data collection context for both stored and memory data. Conclusion. The results indicate that pragmatic information was transferred during trial observation when scientific objectivity was reduced. The evidence for intentionally based reality formation or quantum-based random reality emergence was thus shown to be a function of the measurements’ objectivity levels. The data suggest the existence of a sobjective reality and that a physicalist/materialist or an intentional creation worldview depends on the presence of an intentional agent and the definition of the measurement process.
This preregistered study attempted to replicate a finding obtained from a re-analysis of a data set from an original micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK) study that presented a data-erasure manipulation performed in the context of quantum-based outcome observations (positive vs. negative picture presentations). The experimental manipulation of the availability or unavailability of objective data (objective number of positive pictures) revealed a predicted effect on subjective measures (recalled number of positive pictures) in the original data (moderate to strong Bayesian evidence). Observer-dependent biases measured based on subjective memory recalls of quantum events indicated a higher deviation from the Born rule, that is a higher recalled number of positive pictures, when objective data were absent than when objective data were present. The present study tested the replicability of this erasure result. We assessed the impact of intentional observation on quantum-based stochastic outcomes obtained from the qRNG (number of positive pictures) through subjective memory recall data about these events under experimental variation of the erasure of objective recordings. Against our prediction, subjective recall data did not vary with the experimental variation of the erasure of objective data: Participants did not recall more positive pictures in the erasure compared to the no-erasure condition. Thus, the replication attempt failed. The results indicate that intentional observation effects on quantum outcomes cannot be scientifically documented either with subjective or objective data of these outcomes. This calls into question the existence of intentional observer effects on macroscopic quantum outcomes. An alternative interpretation that such effects might decline after initial appearance is discussed.
Quantum mechanics (QM) proposes that a quantum system measurement does not register a pre-existing reality but rather establishes reality from the superposition of potential states. Measurement reduces the quantum state according to a probability function, the Born rule, realizing one of the potential states. Consequently, a classical reality is observed. The strict randomness of the measurement outcome is well-documented (and theoretically predicted) and implies a strict indeterminacy in the physical world’s fundamental constituents. Wolfgang Pauli, with Carl Gustav Jung, extended the QM framework to measurement outcomes that are meaningfully related to human observers, providing a psychophysical theory of quantum state reductions. The Pauli-Jung model (PJM) proposes the existence of observer influences on quantum measurement outcomes rooted in the observer’s unconscious mind. The correlations between quantum state reductions and (un)conscious states of observers derived from the PJM and its mathematical reformulation within the model of pragmatic information (MPI) were empirically tested. In all studies, a subliminal priming paradigm was used to induce a biased likelihood for specific quantum measurement outcomes (i.e., a higher probability of positive picture presentations; Studies 1 and 2) or more pronounced oscillations of the evidence than expected by chance for such an effect (Studies 3 and 4). The replicability of these effects was also tested. Although Study 1 found strong initial evidence for such effects, later replications (Studies 2 to 4) showed no deviations from the Born rule. The results thus align with standard QM, arguing against the incompleteness of standard QM in psychophysical settings like those established in the studies. However, although no positive evidence exists for the PJM and the MPI, the data do not entirely falsify the model’s validity.
A vivid discussion revolves around the role of the human mind in the quantum measurement process. While some authors argue that conscious observation is a necessary element to achieve the transition from quantum to classical states during measurement (Wigner, 1963), some go even further and propose a more active influence of the human mind on the probabilities of quantum measurement outcomes (e.g. Atmanspacher, Römer, & Walach, 2002; Penrose & Hameroff, 2011). This proposition was tested in micro-psychokinesis (micro-Pk) research were intentional observer effects on quantum random number generators (RNGs) were investigated. In the studies presented here we extended this line of research and tested the impact unconscious goals on micro-Pk. Our focus was cigarette addiction as an unconscious drive and hypothesized that regular cigarette smokers would influence the outcome of a quantum RNG that determined whether the participant was going to see a smoking-related or a neutral picture. Study 1 revealed strong evidence for micro-Pk (BF = 66.06) supporting the H1. As expected, no deviation from chance was found with non-smokers. In Study 2, a pre-registered highly powered replication attempt, failed to reproduce this result and showed strong evidence for H0 (BF = 11.07). When the data from both studies are combined a remarkable change in effect across time (resembling a combination of appearance followed by decline) can be seen only in the smoker’s subsample. Appearance-and-decline effects were absent in the non-smokers sample and in a simulation. Based on von Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information we suggest that (micro-)Pk effects follow a systematic pattern comparable to a dampened harmonic oscillation. This concept may shed new light on past and future Pk research.
Intentional effects of human observerson the output of quantum-based random number generators (tRNG) have been studied for decades now. This research has been known as micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK) and many studies in the field reported evidence for mentally induced non-random deviations from chance. A most recent meta-analysis from Bösch, et al. (2006) revealed a very small and heterogeneous overall effect size that indicated a significant deviation from chance across studies. There remains doubt among the scientific community on the existence of micro-PK given: (i) the small and heterogenous effect; and (ii) the fact that several independent replication attempts of prominent studies failed to confirm the original results. The study presented here was intended to provide decisive evidence for or against the existence of micro-PK. An online experiment with 12,571 participants was conducted. The Bayesian analysis revealed strong evidence for H0 (BF01= 10.07). Thus, micro-PK did not exist in the data. A closer inspection of the temporal change of the effect seemed to suggest a non-random oscillative structure with a higher frequency than observed in simulated data. The possible role of entropy and the relation to the model of pragmatic information from von Lucadou (2015) is discussed.
This paper presents a conceptual and philosophical interpretation of quantum measurement, focusing on the role of human intention as a metaphysical variable in the process commonly described as wave-function collapse. Rather than proposing a physical mechanism or experimentally testable claim, the work examines how intention, observation, and meaning-making may be understood within the broader limits of scientific epistemology. The paper argues that science functions as a powerful methodological tool for modeling observable phenomena, but that its scope is necessarily bounded by empirical measurement and repeatability. Within this framework, the study explores how trans-empirical aspects of experience—such as intention, consciousness, and belief—can be discussed without being reduced to physical causation. The emphasis is not on rejecting scientific inquiry, but on clarifying its domain of applicability. Using concepts from quantum mechanics (superposition, collapse, observer-dependence) as interpretive structures, the paper develops a metaphysical model in which collapse is understood as a process of selection aligned with intention, rather than as a solely mechanical outcome of measurement. Behavioral and cognitive examples are presented as illustrative analogies, not as quantum experiments. This work is situated at the intersection of philosophy of science, consciousness studies, and conceptual interpretations of quantum mechanics. It contributes to the ongoing development of Javed’s Quantum Thought, a framework that seeks to integrate scientific reasoning with broader ontological reflection while maintaining clear distinctions between empirical science and metaphysical interpretation.
The paper entitled “From the Quantum Act to a Convergent Pact for Quantum Technologies for the Future”* by Oleg Curbatov aims to draw attention to and open discussion on the introduction of new conceptual objects such as “quantum knowledge systems” and “quantum rationality agents,”which constitute original characteristics of the functioning of quantum devices. In the first part, these concepts have already been presented within the framework of various consultations relating to the development of future normative instruments, notably within the European Commission in the context of the future Quantum Act, as well as before several bodies of the United Nations system, including UNESCO, UNCTAD, and ECOSOC. Quantum physics has demonstrated that the act of measurement directly intervenes in the observed phenomenon. This property suggests that the acquisition of information forms an integral part of the physical process itself. From this perspective, the emergence of “quantum knowledge systems” modifies their properties at the very moment they are observed or appropriated by observers or their digital analogues (AI-Digital-Systems). This results in a process of knowledge transformation that may be described through three complementary levels: 1. The potential state of non-local knowledge, corresponding to a set of probabilistic possibilities and constituting the prerequisite for the emergence of non-local knowledge systems;2. The act of transformation, associated with observation, measurement, and information transfer during the interaction between the observer and the non-local knowledge system;3. Local knowledge, corresponding to the observed outcome, that is, knowledge that has become localized and actualized following the observation process.These “quantum knowledge systems” possess specific properties that may be associated with different forms of rationality (including quantum rationality) and with the behaviors that derive from them. They therefore invite a distinction between several regimes of legal responsibility and normative governance depending on the state of the knowledge system under consideration. Before the act of measurement, when knowledge remains in a potential, non-local, and probabilistic state, the issues primarily concern the conditions for protecting systems and governing the informational possibilities that may be generated. After the act of measurement, when knowledge becomes localized, observable, and appropriable by identified actors, legal responsibilities emerge that are more directly linked to the emergence, use, dissemination, ownership, traceability, and effects produced by these “knowledge systems.”In this respect, the act of measurement could be recognized as a legal act of responsibility in its own right with regard to the quantum knowledge conversion systems that it triggers, insofar as it simultaneously modifies the state of the knowledge system, the information accessible to actors, and the effects that may result from it.Such an approach would open the way to a new reflection on the liability regimes applicable to quantum technologies, not only according to their uses or outcomes, but also according to the transformations of 'quantum knowledge systems” produced during the act of measurement itself. From this perspective, the act of measurement appears as an act of knowledge governance. It constitutes the point of transition between different states of a knowledge system and could, as such, be recognized as a generating event of legal responsibility. Responsibility would therefore not relate solely to the effects produced by quantum technology, but also to the processes of conversion of quantum knowledge systems that it initiates, transforms, and renders legally accountable. This distinction leads to the consideration that each form of “quantum knowledge system” may fall under specific normative frameworks, both at the national and international levels, depending on its degree of design and protection, in accordance with the “Quantum-Safe-by-Design” principle, its implementation, its state of localization, and its appropriation by different actors. Would this idea of now considering the quantum domain in terms of states and knowledge systems change the framework for the development of normative instruments? Indeed, if quantum physics distinguishes different states before and after the act of measurement, it may be relevant to examine whether the knowledge systems associated with these states should likewise be subject to differentiated legal and normative regimes. Questions of responsibility, governance, protection, and use of knowledge could thus be assessed differently depending on whether one is situated before the act of measurement, in a potential state of knowledge, or after the act of measurement, in a state of non-localized or localized knowledge. The International Association of University Professors and Lecturers (IAUPL), an organization holding General Consultative Status with the United Nations ECOSOC, proposed during the joint meetings of the United Nations General Assembly and ECOSOC, 05/05/2026, the ECOSOC Science, Technology and Innovation Forums (2025, 2026), the 221st and 223rd sessions of UNESCO’s Executive Board, as well as at the 43rd UNESCO General Conference (2025), to initiate a reflection with Member States on the development of a “Convergent Pact for Quantum Technologies for the Future.”This proposal is based on the principles of convergence of knowledge, “ quantum knowledge systems,” and convergent technologies, as well as on the convergence of objectives pursued and effects produced by quantum technologies in the scientific, educational, economic, social, and institutional domains. The second part of this presentation will focus on the very nature of “convergence,” a notion raised during consultations relating to the future European Quantum Act, for which IAUPL submitted its consultative response in December 2025. It will examine how these principles of “Convergence” could be systematized within future normative instruments and how they could ultimately spread and generate impact at the international level within the framework of global governance of quantum technologies and the knowledge systems associated with them.