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Applied Physics Letters

Effect of mode coupling on optical bistability in a bidirectional ring cavity

Govind Prasad Agrawal

Published Apr 1, 1981• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a ring cavity the counter-propagating modes are coupled through a homogeneously broadened atomic medium. The mode coupling is shown to introduce novel features in the transmission characteristics of two simultaneous bistable switches. We suggest suitable materials and discuss possible applications of the predicted effect.
DOI
10.1063/1.92431

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Two input beams at the same frequency excite the counter-propagating modes of a bidirectional ring cavity. These modes are coupled in the presence of a homogeneously broadened nonlinear medium and the optical device acts as two bistable switches whose characteristics can be mutually controlled. After a proper account of interference between the forward and backward waves, new features of optical bistability in a bidirectional ring cavity are discussed. It is found that when the intensity of one of the incident beams is held fixed in a critical range, the device switches on but never switches off as the intensity of the other beam is first increased and then decreased to zero.
The optical bistable behavior of V-type three-level atomic system in a unidirectional ring cavity driven by a coherent field is studied.A single mode laser field is applied to two transitions simultaneously.The interference between decay channels is very important.Studies show that atomic coherent effects could significantly decrease the optical bistability threshold.We also analyze the effect of the atomic cooperation parameter,the width between two upper levels,and the detuning on the optical bistability.
We report the observation of an instability in a bistable optical system with a homogeneously broadened two-level medium involving the onset of the cavity side mode that is two modes away from the source frequency and three modes away from the molecular resonance frequency. These measurements extend the range of a recent report [Phys. Rev. A 39, 703 (1989)] of observations of the multimode instability in optical bistability predicted by Lugiato and Bonifacio [Lett. Nuovo Cimento 21, 505 (1978); 21, 510 (1978)], with the key difference being that the experimental observations in the previous report were limited to instabilities of the side mode adjacent to the source frequency.
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Quantitative comparisons between experiment and theory for the steady-state characteristics in optical bistability with two-state atoms are reported. Nonresonant conditions for both the cavity and the atomic medium are investigated in two different cavity geometries (ring and standing wave). The experiment fulfills to a very good degree the conditions that have been widely employed in theoretical models that consider a collection of two-state atoms interacting with a single mode of the electromagnetic field in a cavity.