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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Optical Bistability and Multi-Stability via Quantum Interference in a Four-LevelN-Type Atomic System

Mostafa Sahrai, Meisam Memarzadeh

Published Nov 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the optical bistability (OB) and optical multi-stability (OM) in a four-level N -type atomic system. We demonstrate that the quantum interference mechanisms can significantly affect the behavior of OB and OM. It is also found that OM not only can be created via frequency detuning, but also its threshold can be controlled by the intensity of coupling field.

DOI
10.7567/jjap.50.110201

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We investigate the optical bistability (OB) and optical multi-stability (OM) in a four-level N -type atomic system. We demonstrate that the quantum interference mechanisms can significantly affect the behavior of OB and OM. It is also found that OM not only can be created via frequency detuning, but also its threshold can be controlled by the intensity of coupling field.
Optical bistability (OB) and optical multi-stability (OM) of a four-level Λ-type atomic system with two fold lower levels inside a unidirectional ring cavity is investigated. The effect of quantum interference arising from spontaneous emission and incoherent pumping on OB and OM is discussed. It is found that the threshold of OB and OM can be controlled by quantum interference mechanisms. In addition intensity of coupling field and the rate of an incoherent pumping field on behavior of OB and OM are then discussed.
Abstract This work presents a theoretical study of optical bistability (OB) and multistability (OM) in a four-level N-type atomic system embedded in a unidirectional ring cavity, with particular attention to the role of quantum interference (QI) between decay channels. Going beyond earlier reports that focused on single-parameter or cavity-based control without considering quantum interference or multistability, we develop a unified framework investigating how the cooperative parameter C, probe and control field detunings (Δ₂, Δ₃), non-radiative decay rates (γ₀, γ₀₀), quantum interference (P), pump/control Rabi frequencies (Ω₁, Ω₂), and relative phase (φ) collectively govern OB and OM thresholds. Systematic analysis reveals that increasing C broadens hysteresis loops and raises thresholds, thereby enhancing switching stability, while quantum interference significantly lowers the OB threshold, enabling bistability at lower input intensities. Non-radiative decay rates γ₀ and γ₀₀, pump/control Rabi frequencies, and the relative phase φ further provide flexible switching between bistable and multistable regimes. Notably, we demonstrate that OB ↔ OM transitions can be induced through multiple independent pathways beyond phase control alone—including tuning of the cooperative parameter, non-radiative decay rates, and pump/control field intensities—extending the phase-driven switching mechanism established in earlier N-type studies to a broader, multi-parameter control framework. Furthermore, probe and control field detunings (Δ₂, Δ₃) enable dynamic tuning of the system's dispersive and absorptive properties, offering additional control over threshold behavior. These results identify practical routes for designing reconfigurable optical memory, quantum information processors, and all-optical switching devices with enhanced controllability.
In this paper, we propose a scheme for manipulating the behavior of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in an N-type four-level atomic system. In the scheme, quantum interference is optimized by the left-handed and the right-handed fields of an elliptically polarized field (EPF). The threshold and the hysteresis cycle shape of OB and OM can be controlled by modulating the intensity of the EPF. Especially, the transition from OB to OM or vice versa can also be easily realized by proper tuning the phase difference between the left-handed and right-handed polarized fields under the optimal intensity of the EPF.
We theoretically investigate optical bistability (OB) behaviour in a four-level atomic system confined in a unidirectional ring cavity. It is shown that OB can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the coupling field and the value of the cooperativity parameter. More importantly, our numerical results show that the threshold intensity of OB can be reduced without decreasing the range of the hysteresis loop via adjusting the effect of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) or the relative phase between two applied fields. The influence of the frequency detuning of the coupling field on the OB behaviour is also discussed.
We theoretically investigate optical bistability (OB) and multistability (OM) behaviour of a closed-loop configuration atomic system driven by a degenerate coupling field and a degenerate probe field inside a unidirectional ring cavity. It is found that the OB and OM behaviour can be controlled by adjusting the intensity and the frequency detuning of the coupling field, respectively. Interestingly, our numerical results show that it is easy to realize the transition from OB to OM or vice versa by adjusting the intensity of the coupling field under a appropriate frequency detuning. The effect of the atomic cooperation parameter on the OB behaviour is also discussed.