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OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES)

Quantum Sensing of Photonic Spin Density Using a Single Spin Qubit

Farid Kalhor, Li‐Ping Yang, Leif Bauer, Noah Opondo, Sunil Ashok Bhave, Zubin Jacob

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be used as a quantum sensor for detecting photonic spin density (PSD). The direct detection of PSD at the nanoscale opens a new frontier for studying exotic phases of photons as well as future on-chip applications.
DOI
10.1364/sensors.2021.stu6g.5

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as promising room-temperature quantum sensors for probing condensed matter phenomena ranging from spin liquids, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, and magnons to hydrodynamic flow of current.Here we propose and demonstrate that the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond can be used as a quantum sensor for detecting the photonic spin density, the spatial distribution of light's spin angular momentum.We exploit a single spin qubit on an atomic force microscope tip to probe the spinning field of an incident Gaussian light beam.The spinning field of light induces an effective static magnetic field in the single spin qubit probe.We perform room-temperature sensing using Bloch sphere operations driven by a microwave field (XY8 protocol).This nanoscale quantum magnetometer can measure the local polarization of light in ultra-sub-wavelength volumes.We also put forth a rigorous theory of the experimentally measured phase change using the NV center Hamiltonian and perturbation theory involving only virtual photon transitions.The direct detection of the photonic spin density at the nanoscale using NV centers in diamond opens interesting quantum metrological avenues for studying exotic phases of photons, nanoscale properties of structured light as well as future on-chip applications in spin quantum electrodynamics.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as promising room temperature quantum sensors for probing condensed matter phenomena ranging from spin liquids, 2D magnetic materials, and magnons to hydrodynamic flow of current. Here, we propose and demonstrate that the NV center in diamond can be used as a quantum sensor for detecting the photonic spin density. We demonstrate this probe both for the case of a single NV center and an ensemble of NV centers. The spinning field of light induces an effective static magnetic field in the spin qubit probe. We perform room-temperature sensing using Bloch sphere operations driven by a microwave field (XY8 protocol) to detect the photonic spin density induced effective static magnetic field.
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.