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Iraqi Journal of Science

Quantum Key Distribution and Chaos Bandwidth Effects on Impact Security of Quantum Communications

Mahdi H. Al Hasani, Kais A. M. Al Naimee

Published Jun 26, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of bias current on the bandwidth of chaotic signals in semiconductor lasers by optical feedback has been studied experimentally and numerically. The measured data reveal that the bandwidth increase when the system becomes chaotic and this chaotic signal has a broadband spectrum so it can be used as a carrier for the quantum key. Mixing chaotic signal and quantum key make a very small change in chaotic bandwidth that does not affect the security of data transmitted.

DOI
10.24996/ijs.2019.60.6.10

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The influence of bias current on the bandwidth of chaotic signals in semiconductor lasers by optical feedback has been studied experimentally and numerically. The measured data reveal that the bandwidth increase when the system becomes chaotic and this chaotic signal has a broadband spectrum so it can be used as a carrier for the quantum key. Mixing chaotic signal and quantum key make a very small change in chaotic bandwidth that does not affect the security of data transmitted.
The time-delay signature (TDS) suppression of semiconductor lasers with external optical feedback is necessary to ensure the security of chaos-based secure communications. Here we numerically and experimentally demonstrate a technique to effectively suppress the TDS of chaotic lasers using quantum noise. The TDS and dynamical complexity are quantified using the autocorrelation function and normalized permutation entropy at the feedback delay time, respectively. Quantum noise from quadrature fluctuations of the vacuum state is prepared through balanced homodyne measurement. The effects of strength and bandwidth of quantum noise on chaotic TDS suppression and complexity enhancement are investigated numerically and experimentally. Compared to the original dynamics, the TDS of this quantum noise improved chaos is suppressed up to 94%, and the bandwidth suppression ratio of quantum noise to chaotic laser is 1:25. The experiment agrees well with the theory. The improved chaotic laser is potentially beneficial to chaos-based random number generation and secure communication.
Chaotic dynamics are at the center of multiple studies to perfect encrypted communication systems. Indeed, the particular time evolution nature of chaotic signals constitutes the fundamentals of their application to secure telecommunications. The pseudo random signal constitutes the carrier wave for the communication. The information coded on the carrier wave can be extracted with knowledge of the system dynamic evolution law. \n \nThis evolution law consists of a second-order delay differential equation in which intervene the various parameters of the physical system setup. The set of precise parameter values forms the key, in a cryptographic sense, of the encrypted transmission. \n \nThis thesis work presents the implementation of an experimental encryption system using chaos. The optical intensity of the emitter fluctuates chaotically and serves as carrier wave. A message of small amplitude, hidden inside the fluctuations of the carrier wave, is extracted from the transmitted signal by a properly tuned receiver. \n \nThe influence of the message modulation format on the communication quality both in the back to back case and after propagation is investigated numerically.
In continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), the key information are encoded on quadratures of the optical field, which are measured via balanced homodyne detector (BHD). The bandwidth of the BHD is one of key parameters for precise characterization of quantum states. We establish a theoretical model to analyze the impact of the BHD bandwidth and signal modulation patterns on the channel parameters estimation of CV-QKD systems. Based on the proposed model, the secure key rate of a practical CV-QKD system under different BHD bandwidths and signal modulation patterns are investigated. Our results show that insufficient BHD bandwidth will result in wrong estimate of the transmission loss and excess noise, which significantly affects the performance of CV-QKD systems. Given the BHD bandwidth, there exists an optimal signal repetition rate that maximizes the secure key rate. The BHD bandwidth requirement of the QKD system increases with the transmission distance for large duty cycle pulse. Furthermore, the root raised-cosine pulse signal modulation performs better than the square pulse signal modulation in general.
This paper investigates the optimization of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol leveraging the inherent sensitivity of chaotic systems. The core claim centers on utilizing the unpredictable nature of chaos to enhance security against chaotic attacks, a growing threat to current QKD protocols. The proposed protocol introduces controlled chaotic noise into the manipulation of quantum bits (qubits), rendering it significantly more resistant to attacks that exploit the deterministic behavior of chaotic systems. We explore the mathematical foundations of this approach, detailing the key equations governing the chaotic noise injection and the resultant impact on key generation. The design aims to mitigate the vulnerabilities present in conventional QKD protocols by introducing a layer of uncertainty, effectively disrupting the attacker's ability to predict and control the quantum system's state. This work provides a novel framework for QKD security enhancement, focusing on a proactive defense mechanism against emerging chaotic attack vectors. The theoretical analysis provides a robust foundation for further investigation and potential implementation.
From the past few years, the rapid growth in quantum computing and large-scale data systems has created an important need for advanced encryption techniques that withstand quantum-level attacks. However, traditional cryptographic systems are becoming increasingly vulnerable, particularly in big-data environments. To overcome this limitation, this research proposes a secure framework for big data encryption namely Quantum-Chaotic Key-Based Encryption System (QC-KES), which combines quantum randomness and chaos theory to make highly secure encryption keys. Therefore, the methodology begins by producing a quantum random seed utilizing Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG). It is then enhanced through a chaotic logistic map to generate unpredictable key sequences that are securely shared using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Subsequently, quantum optical elements are tuned based on the key sequence to encrypt data at the hardware level. Moreover, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) confirms the signal integrity, while the data are encrypted, transmitted, and later decrypted by the shared key. This system improves key security, accuracy, and resistance to quantum-based threats. Finally, the proposed QC-KES obtained better results in entropy (8.000%) and avalanche effect (52.5 bits) when compared the existing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) model.