The Laws of Photoelectric Action and the Unitary Theory of Light (Licht-Quanten Theorie)

Owen Willans Richardson

L. Mandeļ, E. C. G. Sudarshan, E. Wolf

Philippe Grangier

The birth of the light quanta- “licht quanten ” in their original version- is rightfully associated with the article [1] published by Albert Einstein in 1905, “An heuristic point of view about the production and transformation of light”. Interestingly, several points expressed in a very collegial style in this article were exposed again in a more direct, “einsteinian ” style, in a conference [2] that Einstein gave in Salzburg on september 21, 1909. This conference, entitled “The evolution of our conceptions about the nature and the constitution of radiation ” reveals, and to some extend completes, the way of thinking that lead Einstein to the 1905 papers on relativity and radiation. For instance, in 1909 Einstein gives again the list of open problems in the radiation theory, which briefly alluded to in the 1905 article. These problems were: 1. why does the appearance of a photochemical reaction depends only on the colour of light, and not on its intensity? 2. why is short wavelength radiation generally more active chemically than long wavelength radiation? 3. why is the kinetic energy of cathode rays (electrons) produced by the photoelectric effect independant on the light intensity?

Mahmoud, Ahmed Ragab

James E Beecham

The photoelectric effect is traditionally presented as proof that light is quantized intophotons, each possessing an energy proportional to its frequency. Einstein's interpretationwon the Nobel Prize and became foundational to quantum theory. However, Einstein wasworking without knowledge of an underlying conditionable medium in space and matter.Within the Space-Phase (SP3) framework, the photoelectric effect is not evidence of a lightparticle. Instead, it is evidence of a threshold response of a medium.This paper proposes that the Planck Action Cell mesh (PACmesh) possesses thresholdbehaviors which naturally explain the observations of the photoelectric effect withoutrequiring elementary photons. Two simultaneous requirements must be satisfied before anelectron can be ejected from a material:1. Sufficient energy must be delivered to overstimulate the PACmesh.2. The incoming wavelength must synchronize with the standing-wave behavior of theelectron's space-phase envelope.The mechanism resembles a water wave striking a trampoline on which a beachball isoscillating. If both threshold and resonance conditions are satisfied, the electron isejected. If either condition is not satisfied, no ejection occurs.

Richard M. Sillitto