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Canadian Journal of Physics

Coherence Transfer Between the 32P1/2 and 32P3/2 States in Sodium, Induced in Collisions with Noble Gas Atoms

B. Niewitecka, L. Krause

Published May 1, 1973• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherence transfer accompanying 32P1/2 → 32P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, has been investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Oriented 32P1/2 sodium atoms were produced by irradiating a mixture of sodium vapor and a noble gas with D1σ+ resonance radiation, and their subsequent collisions with the buffer gas atoms resulted in the simultaneous transfer of coherence and excitation from the 2P1/2 state to the 2P3/2 state. Measurements of the ratio of circular polarizations of the D2 sensitized fluorescence and D1 resonance fluorescence resulted in the following cross sections for coherence transfer. Na–He : 7.1 ± 0.7 Å2; Na–Ne : 6.2 ± 0.6 Å2; Na–Ar : 12.0 ± 1.2 Å2; Na–Kr : 6.8 ± 0.7 Å2; Na–Xe : 6.9 ± 0.7 Å2.

DOI
10.1139/p73-129

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Disorientation of Na(32P1/2) Atoms, Induced in Collisions with Noble Gases

B. Niewitecka, Tadeusz Skalinski, L. Krause

The cross sections for disorientation of 32P1/2 sodium atoms, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined by following the depolarization of Na–D1 resonance fluorescence in relation to noble gas pressure. Sodium vapor at low density, mixed with a noble gas in a fluorescence cell, was irradiated with circularly polarized D1 resonance radiation and the resulting D1 resonance fluorescence, observed in an approximately backward direction, was analyzed with respect to circular polarization. The variation of the degree of polarization with gas pressure was interpreted on the basis of a 'J randomization' model for the collisions, and yielded the following disorientation cross sections which are appropriately corrected for effects due to nuclear spin. Na–He: 28.1 ± 4.0 Å2; Na–Ne: 27.8 ± 4.0 Å2; Na–Ar: 57.0 ± 8.0 Å2; Na–Kr: 78.0 ± 10 Å2; Na–Xe: 87.0 ± 13 Å2.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Oct 15, 1974•7 citations

Coherence Transfer between the 2P1/2 and 2P3/2 States in Potassium, Induced in Collisions with Noble Gas Atoms and with Molecules

B. Niewitecka, L. Krause

The transfer of coherence accompanying 42P1/2 → 42P3/2 transfer of excitation induced in collisions between 42P1/2 potassium atoms and noble gas atoms as well as some simple molecules, was studied in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of potassium vapor at 6 × 10−7 Torr with the various buffer gases were irradiated with circularly polarized D1(σ+) light and the relative intensities of the σ+ and σ− fractions of both the D1 and D2 fluorescent components were determined in relation to the pressures of the buffer gases. The experiments yielded the following cross sections for coherence transfer: K–He:1.7 Å2; K–Ne :0.8 Å2; K–Ar < 0.5 Å2; K–H2 :3.5 Å2; K–CH4 :7.0 Å2; K–CD4:7.7 Å2.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Feb 15, 1973•6 citations

SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE IN VAPORS OF ALKALI METALS: IX. ENERGY TRANSFER IN COLLISIONS BETWEEN SODIUM AND INERT GAS ATOMS

John M. Pitre, L. Krause

The total cross sections for inelastic collisions between sodium and inert gas atoms, leading to 3 2P1/2 ↔ 3 2P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments with sodium – inert gas mixtures. The sodium vapor was maintained at a pressure of 5 × 10−7 mm Hg, at which there is no trapping of the resonance radiation, and the inert gas pressures ranged from 0 to 1 mm Hg. The cross sections Q1(3 2P1/2 → 3 2P3/2) and Q2(3 2P1/2 ← 3 2P3/2) are as follows: Na–He, 86.0 and 44.8 Å2; Na–Ne, 67.0 and 35.4 Å2; Na–Ar, 110 and 55.9 Å2; Na–Kr, 85.0 and 43.6 Å2; Na–Xe, 89.8 and 45.6 Å2. The ratios Q1/Q2 are in agreement with the value predicted from the principle of detailed balancing and the cross sections also agree, as to order of magnitude, with some theoretically predicted values.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Aug 1, 1967•69 citations

Inelastic collisions between excited alkali atoms and molecules. V. Sensitized fluorescence in mixtures of sodium with N2, H2, HD, and D2

M. Stupavsky, L. Krause

3 2P1/2 ↔ 3 2P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, induced in inelastic collisions with ground-state N2, H2, HD, and D2 molecules, has been investigated in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of sodium vapor at a pressure of 5 × 10−7 Torr, and the gases, were irradiated with each NaD component in turn, and the fluorescence which contained both D components was monitored at right angles to the direction of the exciting beam. Measurements of the relative intensities of the NaD fluorescent components yielded the following collision cross sections for excitation transfer. For Na–N2 collisions: Q12(2P1/2 → P3/2) = 144 Å2, Q21(2P1,2 ← 2P3/2) = 76 Å2 for Na–H2 collisions: Q12 = 80 Å2, Q21 = 42 Å2. For Na–HD collisions: Q12 = 84 Å2, Q21 = 44 Å2. For Na–D2 collisions: Q12 = 98 Å2, Q21 = 52 Å2. The cross sections Q21 exhibit a slight resonance effect between the atomic and molecular rotational transitions.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Oct 1, 1968•23 citations

Coherence transfer between the 2P1/2 and 2P3/2 states in sodium, induced in collisions with helium atoms

M. Elbel, B. Niewitecka, L. Krause

The Hanle effect, which is commonly exhibited by atoms that emit resonance fluorescence while in a magnetic field, has been observed in sensitized fluorescence of sodium vapor. The sodium atoms were excited by σ+ polarized D1 radiation which produced a vector polarization in the 32P1/2 state, and were then transferred to the 32P3/2 state by collisions with helium atoms. The fluorescence was observed at an angle of 325° to the direction of excitation, and the magnetic field was perpendicular to the directions of the exciting and fluorescent light beams. The addition of helium resulted in the appearance of a circularly polarized D2 component in the fluorescent light. The polarization of the sensitized fluorescence decreased with increasing field as in the ordinary Hanle effect but the width of the Hanle signal was smaller than that observed in resonance fluorescence. The observed narrowing effect is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Dec 15, 1970•11 citations

Sensitized Fluorescence in Vapors of Alkali Atoms. XIII. 62P1/2−62P3/2 Excitation Transfer in Rubidium, Induced in Collisions with Noble Gas Atoms

I. N. Siara, E. S. Hrycyshyn, L. Krause

The cross sections for excitation transfer between the 62P fine-structure substates in rubidium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of rubidium vapor and noble gases at pressures varying in the range 0–5 Torr were irradiated with each component of the second 2P rubidium doublet in turn and the following cross sections for 2P mixing were obtained from measurements of sensitised-to-resonance fluorescent intensity ratios. Rb–He: Q12(2P1/2 → 2P3/2) = 29.3 Å2; Q21(2P1/2 ← 2P3/2) = 19.0 Å2. Rb–Ne: Q12 = 10.3 Å2; Q21 = 6.4 Å2. Rb–Ar: Q12 = 24.0 Å2; Q21 = 14.9 Å2. Rb–Kr: Q12 = 23.2 Å2; Q21 = 14.6 Å2. Rb–Xe: Q12 = 43.9 Å2; Q21 = 27.7 Å2 In their dependence on the magnitude of the fine-structure splitting, the values are consistent with previously determined cross sections for mixing in the first and third 2P doublets of alkali atoms.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Aug 15, 1972•19 citations
Coherence transfer accompanying 32P1/2 → 32P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, has been investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Oriented 32P1/2 sodium atoms were produced by irradiating a mixture of sodium vapor and a noble gas with D1σ+ resonance radiation, and their subsequent collisions with the buffer gas atoms resulted in the simultaneous transfer of coherence and excitation from the 2P1/2 state to the 2P3/2 state. Measurements of the ratio of circular polarizations of the D2 sensitized fluorescence and D1 resonance fluorescence resulted in the following cross sections for coherence transfer. Na–He : 7.1 ± 0.7 Å2; Na–Ne : 6.2 ± 0.6 Å2; Na–Ar : 12.0 ± 1.2 Å2; Na–Kr : 6.8 ± 0.7 Å2; Na–Xe : 6.9 ± 0.7 Å2.
The cross sections for disorientation of 32P1/2 sodium atoms, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined by following the depolarization of Na–D1 resonance fluorescence in relation to noble gas pressure. Sodium vapor at low density, mixed with a noble gas in a fluorescence cell, was irradiated with circularly polarized D1 resonance radiation and the resulting D1 resonance fluorescence, observed in an approximately backward direction, was analyzed with respect to circular polarization. The variation of the degree of polarization with gas pressure was interpreted on the basis of a 'J randomization' model for the collisions, and yielded the following disorientation cross sections which are appropriately corrected for effects due to nuclear spin. Na–He: 28.1 ± 4.0 Å2; Na–Ne: 27.8 ± 4.0 Å2; Na–Ar: 57.0 ± 8.0 Å2; Na–Kr: 78.0 ± 10 Å2; Na–Xe: 87.0 ± 13 Å2.
The transfer of coherence accompanying 42P1/2 → 42P3/2 transfer of excitation induced in collisions between 42P1/2 potassium atoms and noble gas atoms as well as some simple molecules, was studied in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of potassium vapor at 6 × 10−7 Torr with the various buffer gases were irradiated with circularly polarized D1(σ+) light and the relative intensities of the σ+ and σ− fractions of both the D1 and D2 fluorescent components were determined in relation to the pressures of the buffer gases. The experiments yielded the following cross sections for coherence transfer: K–He:1.7 Å2; K–Ne :0.8 Å2; K–Ar < 0.5 Å2; K–H2 :3.5 Å2; K–CH4 :7.0 Å2; K–CD4:7.7 Å2.
The total cross sections for inelastic collisions between sodium and inert gas atoms, leading to 3 2P1/2 ↔ 3 2P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments with sodium – inert gas mixtures. The sodium vapor was maintained at a pressure of 5 × 10−7 mm Hg, at which there is no trapping of the resonance radiation, and the inert gas pressures ranged from 0 to 1 mm Hg. The cross sections Q1(3 2P1/2 → 3 2P3/2) and Q2(3 2P1/2 ← 3 2P3/2) are as follows: Na–He, 86.0 and 44.8 Å2; Na–Ne, 67.0 and 35.4 Å2; Na–Ar, 110 and 55.9 Å2; Na–Kr, 85.0 and 43.6 Å2; Na–Xe, 89.8 and 45.6 Å2. The ratios Q1/Q2 are in agreement with the value predicted from the principle of detailed balancing and the cross sections also agree, as to order of magnitude, with some theoretically predicted values.
3 2P1/2 ↔ 3 2P3/2 excitation transfer in sodium, induced in inelastic collisions with ground-state N2, H2, HD, and D2 molecules, has been investigated in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of sodium vapor at a pressure of 5 × 10−7 Torr, and the gases, were irradiated with each NaD component in turn, and the fluorescence which contained both D components was monitored at right angles to the direction of the exciting beam. Measurements of the relative intensities of the NaD fluorescent components yielded the following collision cross sections for excitation transfer. For Na–N2 collisions: Q12(2P1/2 → P3/2) = 144 Å2, Q21(2P1,2 ← 2P3/2) = 76 Å2 for Na–H2 collisions: Q12 = 80 Å2, Q21 = 42 Å2. For Na–HD collisions: Q12 = 84 Å2, Q21 = 44 Å2. For Na–D2 collisions: Q12 = 98 Å2, Q21 = 52 Å2. The cross sections Q21 exhibit a slight resonance effect between the atomic and molecular rotational transitions.
The Hanle effect, which is commonly exhibited by atoms that emit resonance fluorescence while in a magnetic field, has been observed in sensitized fluorescence of sodium vapor. The sodium atoms were excited by σ+ polarized D1 radiation which produced a vector polarization in the 32P1/2 state, and were then transferred to the 32P3/2 state by collisions with helium atoms. The fluorescence was observed at an angle of 325° to the direction of excitation, and the magnetic field was perpendicular to the directions of the exciting and fluorescent light beams. The addition of helium resulted in the appearance of a circularly polarized D2 component in the fluorescent light. The polarization of the sensitized fluorescence decreased with increasing field as in the ordinary Hanle effect but the width of the Hanle signal was smaller than that observed in resonance fluorescence. The observed narrowing effect is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
The cross sections for excitation transfer between the 62P fine-structure substates in rubidium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of rubidium vapor and noble gases at pressures varying in the range 0–5 Torr were irradiated with each component of the second 2P rubidium doublet in turn and the following cross sections for 2P mixing were obtained from measurements of sensitised-to-resonance fluorescent intensity ratios. Rb–He: Q12(2P1/2 → 2P3/2) = 29.3 Å2; Q21(2P1/2 ← 2P3/2) = 19.0 Å2. Rb–Ne: Q12 = 10.3 Å2; Q21 = 6.4 Å2. Rb–Ar: Q12 = 24.0 Å2; Q21 = 14.9 Å2. Rb–Kr: Q12 = 23.2 Å2; Q21 = 14.6 Å2. Rb–Xe: Q12 = 43.9 Å2; Q21 = 27.7 Å2 In their dependence on the magnitude of the fine-structure splitting, the values are consistent with previously determined cross sections for mixing in the first and third 2P doublets of alkali atoms.