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Physical Review Letters

Polarization of Free Potassium Atoms by Exchange Collisions with Sodium Atoms and Free Electrons

P. Franken, Richard H. Sands, James Lee Hobart

Published Jul 15, 1958• 29 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.1.52

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Optics and Spectroscopy•Nov 1, 2010•15 citations
A spin-exchange optical pumping experiment to study collisions between sodium atoms and free electrons is reported. In this experiment, electrons in a weak magnetic field were polarized by spin-exchange collisions with optically pumped sodium atoms. The sodium-electron collisions were the principal source of the electron resonance linewidth, and they also produced a shift in the electron resonance frequency. The magnitudes of the linewidth and the frequency shift depend upon the scattering amplitude for sodium-electron collisions, the sodium polarization, and the sodium atom density. The ratio of the frequency shift to the linewidth was 0.03. The sodium polarization was approximately 30%. The electron resonance frequency was lower when the sodium polarization was positive. The measurements of the electron linewidth and the frequency shift agree with theoretical values of the linewidth and frequency shift obtained from the sodium-electron scattering phase shifts which have been recently calculated by Garrett.
A beam of unpolarized electrons is crossed at right angles with a beam of partially polarized sodium or potassium atoms (degree of polarization P A approximately=21%) and resonance lines from the excited 2 P 3/2, 1/2 states are observed in a direction perpendicular to both the atom and electron beams for electron energies from threshold to 200 eV. The polarization of the emitted photons is measured in the form of the Stokes parameters P 1 , P 2 and P 3 . The present measurements for sodium atoms are in better agreement with the theoretical values than the previously published experimental results. No other experimental or theoretical results are available for potassium atoms.