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Frontiers in Optics

Angular Momentum Transfer to BEC by a Two-Photon Stimulated Raman Technique

Kevin Wright, L. Suzanne Leslie, N. P. Bigelow

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have used a pair of near-resonant Raman detuned beams of differing optical angular momentum (OAM) to couple two different internal atomic spin states and coherently transfer OAM to the center-of-mass motion of a BEC.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2007.lthd4

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We present experimental results on the coherent transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from optical fields to the center-of-mass motion of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), using an approach which results in negligible linear momentum change. Two collinear optical beams of differing OAM are used to couple discrete sublevels of the atomic ground state via a stimulated Raman process. We demonstrate several of the possible optical field configurations which place the BEC into various spinor and vortex states. We also show how this approach can be used to create coherent superpositions of these states and use the interference patterns of such superpositions to confirm the presence of quantized vortices.
Understanding how optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) is transferred to matter requires treating recoil and translational motion alongside the internal electronic dynamics. We develop a center-of-mass-resolved theory of one-photon ionization of hydrogen by a monochromatic Laguerre--Gaussian beam and show that the Bessel-vortex photoelectron predicted in fixed-target models is a preparation-dependent limit. For a sharply defined atomic center-of-mass momentum, the recoil records the photon-cone azimuth, and tracing over it generally destroys the coherence required for a pure electron vortex. In the small-transverse-retardation regime, the optical OAM is transferred predominantly to the center-of-mass motion and hence, in the laboratory frame, to the proton. Finite-retardation corrections redistribute angular momentum between center-of-mass and relative motion, while an additional correlation contribution to the electron and proton angular momenta can be tuned through the spatial uncertainty of the atomic center of mass. These results reveal atomic recoil as a key element of OAM transfer in photoionization.
The exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between paraxial optical vortex and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atomic gases is well known. In this paper, we develop a theory for the microscopic interaction between matter and an optical vortex beyond paraxial approximation. We show how superposition of vortex states of BEC can be created with a focused optical vortex. Since the polarization or spin angular momentum (SAM) of the optical field is coupled with OAM of the field, in this case, these angular momenta can be transferred to the internal electronic and external center-of-mass motion of atoms provided both the motions are coupled. We propose a scheme for producing the superposition of matter-wave vortices using Gaussian and a focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We study how two-photon Rabi frequencies of stimulated Raman transitions vary with focusing angles for different combinations of OAM and SAM of optical states. We demonstrate the formation of vortex-antivortex structure and discuss interference of three vortex states in a BEC.