Bose–Einstein condensation in space

Ernst Maria Rasel

Liu Jing-yi

By using the local density approximation, Bose-Einstein condensation of Bose gas in the low dimensional space is investigated. The results show that when a proper external potential is taken, BEC may occur in the low dimensional space. The critical temperature Tc, the ground state fraction N0/N and the behaviour (jump or not) of the heat capacity C depend on the shape of the potential.

J. Rogel-Salazar, G.H.C. New, Seok Jin Choi +1 more

Summary form only given. With the realisation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases, it has been possible to study the dynamics of quantum fields at finite temperatures. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) has proved to be a very useful tool for describing Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and has shown very good agreement with experimental results at low temperatures. In the present paper we apply the mean-field approximation to describe the quantum state of a Bose-Einstein condensate, using a phase-space representation to visualise such a state.

Anika Vogel, Matthias Schmidt, K. Sengstock +17 more

Lixuan Chen, Zijun Yan, Mingzhe Li +1 more

The properties of a trapped ideal Bose gas in n -dimensional space are studied. General analytic expressions of the critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation, the jump of heat capacity at and the fraction of condensation at temperatures below have been derived. How these physical quantities depend on the external potential, particle characteristics and space dimensionality are discussed. We find that when a proper external potential is taken, Bose-Einstein condensation may occur in any dimensional space.