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Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk

'Interaction-free' measurement: possibilities and limitations

Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Farit Ya. Khalili

Published Jan 1, 2004• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3367/ufnr.0174.200407e.0765

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The aim of this paper is to carry out a critical analysis of the uses of the material conditionals employed to represent the counterfactual detections taking place inside Elitzur-Vaidman quantum bomb detectors in so-called quantum interaction free measurements (IFMs). We provide an exhaustive philosophical study of this classical approach focusing on its limitations. To do so, we formulate atomic propositions corresponding to the observable events of the experiments, to overcome the shortcomings of the conditional expression. Finally, we show that the standard definition ofcounterfactuality in quantum contexts based on classical logic is epistemologically too limited, presenting quantum logics as the most promising possible approach to address this type of quantum counterfactuality.

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Summary form only given.Using the complementary wave-like and particle-like natures of photons, one can make interaction-free measurements (IFM)-the presence of an object can be determined with no photons being absorbed. By using an application of the quantum Zeno effect (weakly and repeatedly testing for the object's presence so that the otherwise coherent evolution of the interrogating photon is inhibited), we have demonstrated the feasibility of IFMs with an efficiency of >85%, higher than that possible in the original IFM scheme, where, at most, half of the measurements could be interaction free. We also investigate various interaction-free imaging systems, demonstrate imaging with a resolution <5 /spl mu/m, and define the limits to these systems. We also discuss in which sense interaction-free measurements really are not.
Interaction-free measurement (IFM) is a surprising consequence of quantum interference, where the presence of objects can be sensed without any disturbance of the object being measured. Here, we show an extension of IFM using techniques from spatial adiabatic passage, specifically multiple recipient adiabatic passage. Due to subtle properties of the adiabatic passage, it is possible to image an object without interaction between the imaging photons and the sample. The technique can be used on multiple objects in parallel and is entirely deterministic in the adiabatic limit. Unlike more conventional IFM schemes, this adiabatic process is driven by the symmetry of the system, and not by more usual interference effects. As such it provides an interesting alternative quantum protocol that may be applicable to photonic implementations of spatial adiabatic passage. We also show that this scheme can be used to implement a collision-free quantum routing protocol.
The aim of this paper is to carry out a critical analysis of the uses of the material conditionals employed to represent the counterfactual detections taking place inside Elitzur-Vaidman quantum bomb detectors in so-called quantum interaction free measurements (IFMs). We provide an exhaustive philosophical study of this classical approach focusing on its limitations. To do so, we formulate atomic propositions corresponding to the observable events of the experiments, to overcome the shortcomings of the conditional expression. Finally, we show that the standard definition ofcounterfactuality in quantum contexts based on classical logic is epistemologically too limited, presenting quantum logics as the most promising possible approach to address this type of quantum counterfactuality.