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Annals of Physics

A quantum-field theory approach to the calculation of energy levels in helium-like Rydberg atoms

Columbia University

Published Dec 1, 1986• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0003-4916(86)90196-x

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•Apr 28, 2020•0 citations
Dipole-dipole interactions between helium atoms in Rydberg-Stark states with principal quantum number n=53n=53n=53 and approximately linear Stark energy shifts, resulting from induced electric dipole moments of approximately 7900 D, have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed in pulsed supersonic metastable helium beams, with particle number densities of up to $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. In the presence of amplitude-modulated, radio-frequency electric fields, changes in the spectral intensity distributions associated with the transitions to these states that are attributed to dipole-dipole interactions within the ensembles of excited atoms have been observed. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations of the Rydberg energy level structure carried out using Floquet methods, and excitations shared by up to four atoms. The use of these Rydberg-Stark states as sensors for nonresonant broadband radio-frequency electrical noise is also discussed.
A hybrid circuit quantum electro-dynamics (circuit QED) setup consisting of helium atoms in high-n Rydberg states and superconducting co-planar waveguide (CPW) microwave resonators has been developed with the goal of performing hybrid quantum optics experiments with applications in quantum information processing. In this thesis an overview of the field of cavity QED is introduced, and numerical methods to calculate the atomic energy level structure and transition dipole moments in electric and magnetic fields are described. Using this background information, a new method for efficiently preparing high-n circular Rydberg states is presented. This was required to ac- cess circular-state–to–circular-state transition frequencies in experiments which are compatible with superconducting CPW microwave resonators. Experimental and numerical results demonstrating the implementation of this method for the preparation of the |n = 70, l = 69, ml = +69⟩ circular state in helium are reported. The design and fabrication of λ/4 superconducting CPW microwave resonators, compatible with these high-n circular Rydberg states of helium is then described. The effects of microwave driving power, temperature and magnetic field on the characteristics of these resonators are presented. Finally, experiments in which helium Rydberg atoms have been coherently coupled to the microwave field of a superconducting co-planar waveguide resonator are reported.