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Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement

Population Dynamics for System of Exciton, Bi-Exciton and Photon

Eiichi Hanamura, Masahiro Inoue

Published May 14, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The study of time development is indispensable for a system of excitons and bi-excitons at high density because this exists only as a transient state. Here we study theoretically the population dynamics of excitons and bi-excitons both under the pulse and steady excitations where photons and phonons emitted in the chemical processes of this system can be considered as the irrelevant external system. Under the opposite condition where the radiation field composes the relevant system, the laser action due to the radiative decay of bi-excitons is discussed.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.57.35

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The study of time development is indispensable for a system of excitons and bi-excitons at high density because this exists only as a transient state. Here we study theoretically the population dynamics of excitons and bi-excitons both under the pulse and steady excitations where photons and phonons emitted in the chemical processes of this system can be considered as the irrelevant external system. Under the opposite condition where the radiation field composes the relevant system, the laser action due to the radiative decay of bi-excitons is discussed.
The study of time development is indispensable for a system of excitons and bi-excitons at high density because this exists only as a transient state. Here we study theoretically the population dynamics of excitons and bi·excitons both under the. pulse and steady excitations where photons and phonons emitted in the chemical processes of this system can be considered as the irrelevant external system. Under the opposite condition where the radiation field composes the relevant system, the laser action due to the radiative decay of bi ·excitons is discussed.
Great progress has been made in recent years in experimental studies of excitonic molecules, both in direct-band and indirect-band semiconductors. The exciton systems in these semiconductors differ substantially. In direct-band semiconductors with dipole-allowed optical transitions, the direct-recombination times are extremely small. Consequently the processes of binding of excitons into excitonic molecules and their decay occur under strongly nonequilibrium conditions. Hence one can obtain the fundamental information on biexcitons in these semiconductors by nonlinear optical methods. This review discusses the processes on which the various methods are based: two-photon resonance excitation of biexcitons, induced one-photon conversion of an exciton into a biexciton, two-photon resonance Raman scattering involving biexciton states, etc., and their application to studying biexcitons with the example of CdS. Problems of bistability involving biexcitons are also briefly discussed. In indirect semiconductors, where recombination occurs with the emission of a phonon, the lifetimes of excitons are large, and quasiequilibrium can be established in the exciton system. Under these conditions the information on the properties of the molecules is obtained by analyzing their radiative-decay spectra. The problem of detecting biexcitons in indirect semiconductors, radiative decay of molecules, and the effect on their stability of external electric, strain, and magnetic fields are discussed in detail with the examples of Si and Ge. Also the results of investigating the quantum statistical behavior of a dense gas of spin-oriented excitons (in a magnetic field under conditions in which the biexcitons are destabilized) are briefly presented (using the example of uniaxially compressed germanium), and the question of the possibility of their Bose condensation is discussed.
We theoretically analyze the steady state emission spectrum and transient temporal dynamics in a coupled biexciton quantum dot (QD)—cavity system. For steady state, a phonon-assisted biexciton—exciton cascade model under continuous wave (CW) excitation is presented to explain the asymmetric QD—cavity emission spectrum intensities (intensities of cavity, exciton, and biexciton emission peak) in off-resonance condition. Results demonstrate that the electron—phonon process is crucial to the asymmetry of emission spectrum intensity. Moreover the transient characteristics of the biexciton—exciton cascade system under pulse excitation show abundant nonlinear temporal dynamic behaviors, including complicated oscillations which are caused by the four-level structure of QD model. We also reveal that under off-resonance condition the cavity outputs are slightly reduced due to the electron—phonon interaction.
Summary form only given. Optical interactions in semiconductor microcavities embedded with quantum wells enter a nonperturbative regime when the dipole coupling rate between the exciton and the cavity mode exceeds relevant decay rates. In this regime, coherent energy exchange between the exciton and the cavity mode, i.e. normal mode oscillation (NMO), takes place when the cavity mode is excited impulsively by a short laser pulse. Similar coherent oscillations have also been observed in transient four-wave mixing (FWM) responses. In this paper, we present experimental and theoretical studies on the nature of oscillations in these transient FWM responses. We show that, in contrast to earlier beliefs, oscillations in time-integrated transient FWM do not correspond to NMO of the exciton or photon populations. Theoretical studies further reveal that FWM arising from different physical mechanisms including band filling, excitation-induced dephasing, and renormalized electric fields is characterized by highly distinct coherent dynamics. Oscillations in transient FWM reflect interference between these coherent optical processes and can be used as a unique probe for exciton many-body interactions in the nonperturbative regime.
Abstract Nonequilibrium steady states of excitons in laser‐excited three‐dimensional molecular crystals are investigated not resorting to the usual boson description but using the exact trilinear commutation relations for exciton operators. The nonequilibrium property, non‐bosonity, and optical nonlinearity of the many‐exciton system under the action of an external classical laser field are considered on the same footing. Eigenfrequencies and dampings of the giant polariton are found to be dependent on the excitation degree. Conditions are determined for two types of bistability: density–light and light–light bistability.