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International Journal of Advanced Research

REALISM IN SPACE-TIME THEORY.

J Wang

Published Jul 31, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum space is both an important part of quantum mechanics and the core problem in the philosophy of quantum mechanics. Because the quantum objects, such as electron and photon, always moves at the
DOI
10.21474/ijar01/9450

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The quantum space is both an important part of quantum mechanics and the core problem in the philosophy of quantum mechanics. Because the quantum objects, such as electron and photon, always moves at the speed close to that of light, it is inevitable to involve the inseparability between space and time and discuss the 4-dimensional space-time. In order to investigate the essence of space-time, we must approach to the realm of physical philosophy and discuss the core problem, i.e. the realism in the space-time theories. In this paper, we, combined the semantic and contextual analysis, analyze the development of realism in the development of quantum space-time theory.
Scientific realism has traditionally maintained that our best scientific theories can be regarded as more or less true and as representing the world as it is (more or less). However, one of our very best current theories—quantum mechanics—has famously resisted such a realist construal, threatening to undermine the realist stance altogether. The chapters in this volume carefully examine this tension and the reasons behind it, including the underdetermination generated by the multiplicity of formulations and interpretations of quantum physics, each presenting a different way the world could be. Authors in this volume offer a range of alternative ways forward: some suggest new articulations of realism, limiting our commitments in one way or another; others attempt to articulate a ‘third way’ between traditional forms of realism and antirealism, or are critical of such attempts. Still others argue that quantum theory itself should be reconceptualised, or at least alternative formulations should be considered in the hope of evading the problems faced by realism. And some examine the nature of these issues when moving beyond quantum mechanics to quantum field theory. Taken together they offer an exciting new set of perspectives on one of the most fundamental questions in the philosophy of modern physics: how can one be a realist about quantum theory, and what does this realism amount to?
We present a historical-epistemological analysis of the foundations of quantum mechanics, highlighting the relationships between quantum mechanics and scientific realism, as well as the influence of the neo-positivist philosophy of the first decades of the 20th century. The great significance of the measurement process in the context of quantum mechanics is underlined as an essential element in providing a coherent description of reality, moving from micro to macrocosm, as well as the role that the measurement apparatus and the consciousness of the observer assume during the act of measurement, the related ontological problems, the question of the objectification of the wave function, and that of the definition of discernibility. We consider also an overview of the most important alternative proposals to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics (Copenhagen interpretation), with particular reference to hidden variable theories and other alternatives to standard quantum mechanics philosophical approach, that are modifying the vision of reality, such as the Everett’s many-worlds theory, the QBism and unified holistic approaches, such as the Primordial Dynamic Space.
What ontology does realism about the quantum state suggest? The main extant view in contemporary philosophy of physics is wave-function realism. We elaborate the sense in which wave-function realism does provide an ontological picture, and defend it from certain objections that have been raised against it. However, there are good reasons to be dissatisfied with wave-function realism, as we go on to elaborate. This motivates the development of an opposing picture: what we call spacetime state realism, a view which takes the states associated to spacetime regions as fundamental. This approach enjoys a number of beneficial features, although, unlike wave-function realism, it involves non-separability at the level of fundamental ontology. We investigate the pros and cons of this non-separability, arguing that it is a quite acceptable feature, even one which proves fruitful in the context of relativistic covariance. A companion paper discusses the prospects for combining a spacetime-based ontology with separability, along lines suggested by Deutsch and Hayden. 1 Introduction2 Prolegomena3 Wave-function Realism4 Problems with Wave-function Realism5 Spacetime State Realism6 Locality7 Non-unitary Dynamics on the Spacetime Ontology8 Relativity and Poincaré Covariance9 Finding the Appearances10 Conclusion
The philosophy of physics is now an important branch of academic philosophy. Philosophers of physics, who usually have a background in both disciplines, address the kind of questions that any physicist interested in understanding the conceptual foundations of the subject would deem important. These might include: What is four-dimensional Min-kowski space-time, and how did the advent of relativity affect Newtonian views of absolute space and time? Are the standard distributions in statistical physics a measure of objective chance or a lack of information about physical processes? Is there a measurement problem in quantum theory?