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International Conference on Quantum Information

Individual Addressing of Trapped Ions and Coupling of Motional and Spin States Using rf Radiation

M. Johanning, A. Braun, Nuala Timoney, Vladimir Elman, Werner Neuhauser, C. Wunderlich

Published Jan 1, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two essential steps towards a novel concept for quantum information science - an ion spin molecule - are demonstrated for the first time: Individual rf-addressing of trapped ions and spin-motion interaction induced by an rf-field.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2008.qtub7

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Recently it has been shown that the simulation of one quantum system by means of observing the dynamics of another suitably tailored quantum system can be experimentally far less demanding than universal quantum computation. A system of pair-wise coupled spins described by a Heisenberg model, or a variant thereof, is particularly useful for quantum simulations that in turn are relevant, for instance, for condensed matter physics. We work on the implementation of a pseudo-spin many-body system that will serve as a well controlled prototype system and will allow for the exploration of quantum simulations: in a particular type of ion trap individual atomic ions interact via an adjustable pseudo-spin-spin coupling and, in addition, each spin is individually accessible, thus providing us with an "ion spin molecule". An important milestone towards realizing such ion spin molecules is the individual addressing of a particular spin employing a spatially varying magnetic field. We demonstrate for the first time individual addressing of ions using radio frequency radiation. Yb+ions are confined in a linear Paul trap and laser cooled such that they form a linear Coulomb crystal. Then, an RF-optical double resonance experiment is performed.
A scheme for the individual addressing of ions in a trap is described that does not rely on light beams tightly focused onto only one ion. The scheme utilizes ion micromotion that may be induced in a linear trap by dc offset potentials. Thus coupling an individual ion to the globally applied light fields corresponds to a mere switching of voltages on a suitable set of compensation electrodes. The proposed scheme is especially suitable for miniaturized rf (Paul) traps with typical dimensions of about $20\ensuremath{-}40 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}.$
Ground state cooling and coherent manipulation of ions in an rf-(Paul) trap is the prerequisite for quantum information experiments with trapped ions. With resolved sideband cooling on the optical S1/2−D5/2 quadrupole transition we have cooled one and two 40Ca+ ions to the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. With a novel cooling scheme utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency on the S1/2−P1/2 manifold we have achieved simultaneous ground state cooling of two motional sidebands 1.7 MHz apart. Starting from the motional ground state we have demonstrated coherent quantum state manipulation on the S1/2−D5/2 quadrupole transition at 729 nm. Up to 30 Rabi oscillations within 1.4 ms have been observed in the motional ground state and in the n=1 Fock state. In the linear quadrupole rf-trap with 700 kHz trap frequency along the symmetry axis (2 MHz in radial direction) the minimum ion spacing is more than 5 μm for up to 4 ions. We are able to cool two ions to the ground state in the trap and individually address the ions with laser pulses through a special optical addressing channel.