Quasifree and Classical Quantum States

Brian P. Anderson

Lars Dammeier, Reinhard F. Werner

We study continuous variable systems, in which quantum and classical degrees of freedom are combined and treated on the same footing. Thus all systems, including the inputs or outputs to a channel, may be quantum-classical hybrids. This allows a unified treatment of a large variety of quantum operations involving measurements or dependence on classical parameters. The basic variables are given by canonical operators with scalar commutators. Some variables may commute with all others and hence generate a classical subsystem. We systematically study the class of "quasifree" operations, which are characterized equivalently either by an intertwining condition for phase-space translations or by the requirement that, in the Heisenberg picture, Weyl operators are mapped to multiples of Weyl operators. This includes the well-known Gaussian operations, evolutions with quadratic Hamiltonians, and "linear Bosonic channels", but allows for much more general kinds of noise. For example, all states are quasifree. We sketch the analysis of quasifree preparation, measurement, repeated observation, cloning, teleportation, dense coding, the setup for the classical limit, and some aspects of irreversible dynamics, together with the precise salient tradeoffs of uncertainty, error, and disturbance. Although the spaces of observables and states are infinite dimensional for every non-trivial system that we consider, we treat the technicalities related to this in a uniform and conclusive way, providing a calculus that is both easy to use and fully rigorous.

I. Vakulchyk, Mikhail Ivanchenko, Sergej Flach A +1 more

Heide Narnhofer

We construct the fluctuation algebra for fermions in a quasifree state and its timedependence for quasifree evolutions. We find a Bose-Einstein-condensate and study its stability under interaction.

Volker Bach, Sébastien Breteaux, Knörr, Hans Konrad +1 more

In the spirit of the generalized one-particle density matrix for fermions, we introduce generalized one- and two-particle density matrices to state representability conditions up to second order for boson systems without assuming particle number-conservation. Furthermore, we show for both particle species that, for a semibounded Hamiltonian, the in?mum of the variation of the energy functional w.r.t quasifree states coincides with the one of a variation over pure quasifree states. Moreover, it is proven for fermions that only pure quasifree states have a generalized 1-pdm that is a projection, and a similar statement for bosons.

E. Rafiepoor, M. R. Bazrafkan, Saeed Batebi