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Photonics Letters of Poland

Effective state of polarization of photon-beam

Andrzej W. Domański, Łukasz Michalik

Published Mar 31, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the paper a quantum description of an effective state of polarization for an electromagnetic field containing variously polarized photons is presented. The discussion of the problem includes the quantum character of a single photon, comparison with a classical field, matrix description of photon polarization and physical interpretation of the Pauli representation of a density operator that represents photons in a statistical ensemble. Full text: PDF References: R.J. Glauber, Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence (Wiley-VCH 2007). C.C. Gerry, P.L. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambrige Univeristy Press 2005) R.J. Glauber, New Techn. Ideas Quant. Measur. Theory 480, 336 (1986). L. Michalik, J. Jasinski, P.L. Makowski, A.W. Domanski,"Problem of degree of polarization for photons", Proc. SPIE 7745, 77450K (2010). [CrossRef] T. Tudor, A. Gheondea, "Pauli algebraic forms of normal and nonnormal operators", Jour. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 204 (2007). [CrossRef]

DOI
10.4302/plp.2011.1.15

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In the paper a quantum description of an effective state of polarization for an electromagnetic field containing variously polarized photons is presented. The discussion of the problem includes the quantum character of a single photon, comparison with a classical field, matrix description of photon polarization and physical interpretation of the Pauli representation of a density operator that represents photons in a statistical ensemble. Full text: PDF References: R.J. Glauber, Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence (Wiley-VCH 2007). C.C. Gerry, P.L. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambrige Univeristy Press 2005) R.J. Glauber, New Techn. Ideas Quant. Measur. Theory 480, 336 (1986). L. Michalik, J. Jasinski, P.L. Makowski, A.W. Domanski,"Problem of degree of polarization for photons", Proc. SPIE 7745, 77450K (2010). [CrossRef] T. Tudor, A. Gheondea, "Pauli algebraic forms of normal and nonnormal operators", Jour. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 204 (2007). [CrossRef]
In the paper a quantum description of an effective state of polarization for an electromagnetic field containing variously polarized photons is presented. The discussion of the problem includes the quantum character of a single photon, comparison with a classical field, matrix description of photon polarization and physical interpretation of the representation of a density operator that represents photons in a statistical ensemble. Full text: PDF References: R.J. Glauber, Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence (Wiley-VCH 2007). C.C. Gerry, P.L. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambrige Univeristy Press 2005) R.J. Glauber, New Techn. Ideas Quant. Measur. Theory 480, 336 (1986). L. Michalik, J. Jasinski, P.L. Makowski, A.W. Domanski,Problem of degree of polarization for photons, Proc. SPIE 7745, 77450K (2010). [CrossRef] T. Tudor, A. Gheondea, Pauli algebraic forms of normal and nonnormal operators, Jour. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 204 (2007). [CrossRef]
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It has been accepted that the polarization of the photon in vector beams is entangled with its momentum. Here a quantum description is advanced for the polarization that shows entanglement with the momentum. This is done by showing that the Jones vector at each value of the momentum plays the role of the polarization wavefunction in the sense that the Pauli matrices represent the Cartesian components of the polarization in the local reference system with respect to which the Jones vector is defined. The unit vector that the constraint of transversality condition requires to specify the local reference system turns out to be a gauge degree of freedom that determines the entanglement of the polarization with the momentum and has observable effects.
We discuss the propagation of a short laser pulse in an autoionizing medium with double Fano structure. By solving the coupled equations for atoms and fields simultaneously, we can consider the influence of double Fano structure on the pulse laser in the transmission process. Full Text: PDF References A. Raczynski, M. Rzepecka, J. Zaremba, and S. Zielinska-Kaniasty, Electromagnetically induced transparency and light slowdown for Λ-like systems with a structured continuum, Opt. Commun. 266, 552 (2006). CrossRef T. Bui Dinh, W. Leonski, V. Cao Long and J. Perina Jr, Electromagnetically induced transparency for a double Fano-profile system, Eur. Phys. J. D, 68 (2014) CrossRef T. Bui Dinh, W. Leonski, V. Cao Long and J. Perina Jr, Electromagnetically induced transparency in systems with degenerate autoionizing levels in Λ-configuration, Optica Applicata 43, 471 (2013). CrossRef Cao Long Van, Structured continuum in various optical phenomena, in Physics and applications I: Quantum Optics Ed. Wieslaw Leonski, University of Zielona Gora Press, p.195 (2012). DirectLink M. Shapiro, Electromagnetically induced transparency with structured multicontinua, Phys.Rev.A 75, 013424 (2007). CrossRef E. Paspalakis, P.L. Knight, Population transfer via an autoionizing state with temporally delayed chirped laser pulses, J. Phys. B 31, 2753 (1998). CrossRef S.Y. Zhu and E.E. Fill, Nonlinear theory of lasers without inversion with two upper lasing levels, Phys. Rev. A 42, 5684 (1990). CrossRef S. E. Harris, Lasers without inversion: Interference of lifetime-broadened resonances, Phys. Rev. A 62, 1033 (1989). CrossRef E. Paspalakis, N. J. Kylstra, and P. L. Knight, Propagation dynamics in an autoionization medium, Phys. Rev. A 60, 642 (1999). CrossRef W. Leonski, R. Tanaś and S. Kielich, Laser-induced autoionization from a double Fano system, J. Opt. Am. B 4, 72 (1987). CrossRef
Conceptual and operational aspects of the description of the polarization of light in classical and quantum optics are discussed. Primary emphasis is placed on the concept of P -quasispin, which ensures an adequate analysis for arbitrary quantum light fields. In terms of this concept, the polarization density matrix, which is obtained by reduction of the total field density operator and which completely describes the polarization state of quantum radiation, as well as the operational (measured in polarization experiments) characteristics and the transformations of the polarization dynamics, are determined. Applications of the formalism developed to biphoton optics are discussed.