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Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA)

Globally coupled LDPC codes

Juane Li, Shu Lin, Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar, W.E. Ryan, Daniel J. Costello

Published Jan 1, 2016• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a special type of LDPC codes with a structure related to but different from that of the spatially coupled LDPC codes. For an LDPC code of this type, its Tanner graph is composed of a set of small disjoint Tanner graphs which are connected together by a group of overall check-nodes, called global check-nodes. Codes of this type are called globally coupled LDPC codes and they perform well over both the additive Gaussian white noise and the binary-erasure channels. Furthermore, they are very effective at correcting erasures clustered in bursts. Two algebraic methods are presented for constructing these codes. A two-phase local/global iterative scheme for decoding these codes is presented. This decoding scheme allows correction of local random and global errors and/or erasures in two phases.

DOI
10.1109/ita.2016.7888167

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This paper presents a special type of LDPC codes constructed based on the conventional parity-check matrices of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. LDPC codes of this type are referred to as globally coupled RS-LDPC codes. These codes are designed for correcting random errors, random short phased bursts of erasures and long bursts of erasures. The Tanner graph of a globally coupled RS-LDPC is composed of a number of disjoint copies of the Tanner graph of a local RS-LDPC code which are connected together by a group of overall check-nodes (CNs), called global CNs. A globally coupled RS-LDPC code can be decoded with a two-phase local/global iterative scheme which allows correction of local random errors and phased bursts of erasures in the local phase and global random errors and a single long burst of erasures in the global phase.
This paper presents designs and constructions of two classes of binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes for correcting multiple random phased-bursts of erasures over the binary erasure channel. The erasure correction of codes in both classes is characterized by the cycle and adjacency structure of their Tanner graphs. Erasure correction of these codes is a very simple process which requires only modulo-2 additions. The codes in the second class are capable of correcting locally and globally distributed phased-bursts of erasures with a two-phase iterative erasure-correction process.
This paper presents two types of concatenated finite-geometry and finite-field LDPC codes which have the distinct features of both finite geometry and finite field LDPC codes, such as large minimum distances, no small trapping sets, fast decoding convergence, capable of correcting both random errors and bursts of erasures, flexibility in code construction, cyclic and quasi-cyclic structures. It is shown that these concatenated codes are globally coupled LDPC codes and they perform well over the AWGN and binary erasure channels with a two-phase iterative decoding scheme.
In this paper, we construct protograph-based spatially coupled low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by coupling together a series of L disjoint, or uncoupled, LDPC code Tanner graphs into a single coupled chain. By varying L , we obtain a flexible family of code ensembles with varying rates and frame lengths that can share the same encoding and decoding architecture for arbitrary L . We demonstrate that the resulting codes combine the best features of optimized irregular and regular codes in one design: capacity approaching iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding thresholds and linear growth of minimum distance with block length. In particular, we show that, for sufficiently large L , the BP thresholds on both the binary erasure channel and the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel saturate to a particular value significantly better than the BP decoding threshold and numerically indistinguishable from the optimal maximum a posteriori decoding threshold of the uncoupled LDPC code. When all variable nodes in the coupled chain have degree greater than two, asymptotically the error probability converges at least doubly exponentially with decoding iterations and we obtain sequences of asymptotically good LDPC codes with fast convergence rates and BP thresholds close to the Shannon limit. Further, the gap to capacity decreases as the density of the graph increases, opening up a new way to construct capacity achieving codes on memoryless binary-input symmetric-output channels with low-complexity BP decoding.
This paper presents a new type of globally-coupled low-density parity-check (GC-LDPC) codes whose base matrix has a cyclic structure in the global part. Therefore, the resulting codes are referred to as tail-biting GC-LDPC (TB-GC-LDPC) codes. We propose two methods to construct TB GC quasi-cyclic LDPC (TB-GC-QC-LDPC) codes. For the first method, we extract a replicated version of a constructed base matrix and mask it with a designed masking matrix. Compared to the conventional construction methods, this method provides more flexibility in code length for TB-GC-QC-LDPC codes. The second method is based on designing the incidence matrix of a special type of packings. Examples show that the constructed TB-GC-QC-LDPC codes perform well over the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC) and the binary erasure channel (BEC). The asymptotic performance of TB-GC-LDPC ensembles over BECs are also analyzed by resorting to density evolution. Moreover, numerical results show that TB-GC-LDPC ensembles can achieve better flooding-schedule decoding (FSD) thresholds than the corresponding GC-LDPC ensembles with a similar structure. With sufficient decoding iterations in the global phase, the local/global two-phase iterative decoding (TPD) thresholds of the TB-GC-LDPC ensembles significantly outperform those of the corresponding GC-LDPC ensembles as well.