The parameters of the add/drop optical filter system are the same as in the previous section. In the system design, the dark soliton pulse is input into the input port through the coupler with the coupling coefficient is k1 = 0.35. It is partially input into the nanoring resonator with 20,000 roundtrips, where the storage signal is observed, the memory time is noted. The output field (Et1) at throughput port is expressed by E x x y E e x x E E e x x y y E E e x x y y E e k k k k k = - È ˘ +Í ˙+ Í ˙-Î ˚ (4.6) The power output (Pt1) at throughput port is given by The output field (Et2)at drop port is (4.8) The power output (Pt2) at drop port is (4.9) The optical tweezers storage signals within the add/drop system is as shown in Figure 4.4. We found that the storage time is 1.2 ns, the tweezer widths of the storage tweezers in add/drop at the throughput and drop ports are 19.2, 17.6 and 18.6 ns, respectively. In Figures 4.4 (a)–(b), the tweezers in the form of potential wells are seen. It can be used for atom/ molecule trapping. The potential well depth (peak valley) can be controlled by adjusting the system parameters, for instance, the bright soliton input power at the add port and the coupling coefficients. The potential well of the tweezers is tuned to be the single well and seen at the drop port, as shown in Figure 4.4(c). In application, the optical tweezers in the design system can be tuned and amplified as shown in Figures 4.2 and 4.4. Therefore, the tunable optical tweezers can be controlled by the dark-bright soliton collision within the add/drop optical system by adjusting the parameters of the input power at the input and add ports, respectively. The output power at the throughput port is shown in Figure 4.2(c), where the single potential well with the optical power of 15 W is seen.
The parameters of the add/drop optical filter system are the same as in the previous section. In the system design, the dark soliton pulse is input into the input port through the coupler with the coupling coefficient is k1 = 0.35. It is partially input into the nanoring resonator with 20,000 roundtrips, where the storage signal is observed, the memory time is noted. The output field (Et1) at throughput port is expressed by E x x y E e x x E E e x x y y E E e x x y y E e k k k k k = - È ˘ +Í ˙+ Í ˙-Î ˚ (4.6) The power output (Pt1) at throughput port is given by The output field (Et2)at drop port is (4.8) The power output (Pt2) at drop port is (4.9) The optical tweezers storage signals within the add/drop system is as shown in Figure 4.4. We found that the storage time is 1.2 ns, the tweezer widths of the storage tweezers in add/drop at the throughput and drop ports are 19.2, 17.6 and 18.6 ns, respectively. In Figures 4.4 (a)–(b), the tweezers in the form of potential wells are seen. It can be used for atom/ molecule trapping. The potential well depth (peak valley) can be controlled by adjusting the system parameters, for instance, the bright soliton input power at the add port and the coupling coefficients. The potential well of the tweezers is tuned to be the single well and seen at the drop port, as shown in Figure 4.4(c). In application, the optical tweezers in the design system can be tuned and amplified as shown in Figures 4.2 and 4.4. Therefore, the tunable optical tweezers can be controlled by the dark-bright soliton collision within the add/drop optical system by adjusting the parameters of the input power at the input and add ports, respectively. The output power at the throughput port is shown in Figure 4.2(c), where the single potential well with the optical power of 15 W is seen.
For the add/drop optical filter design, the effective mode core areas range from 0.10 µm2 to 0.50 µm2 and the parameters were obtained by using the related practical material parameters (InGaAsP/InP) [21]. When a dark soliton pulse is input and propagated within an add/drop optical filter as shown in Fig. 4.1, a resonant output is formed. The resonator output fields, Et1 and E1, consist of transmitted and circulated components of the add/drop optical filter system, which can act as driving forces for a photon/molecule/atom. For the first coupler of the add/drop optical filter system, the transmitted and circulated components can be written as t1 1 1 i1 1 41 1E E j E g k k (4.3) 1 1 1 4 1 i11 1E E j E g k k (4.4) n2 2 22 0 1 L LjkE E E e a (4.5) Here k1 is the intensity coupling coefficient, g1 the fractional coupler-intensity loss, a the attenuation coefficient, kn = 2p/l the wave propagation number, l the input wavelength light field, and L = 2pRad, where Rad is the radius of the add/drop device.
Optical buffer is recognized as an essential component in a wavelength router, in which packets of data can be stored for resolving packet contention problem and also to delay the outgoing packets [1-2]. In practice, optical router patents have been proposed and recorded [3-5], which can be useful for various applications. Recently, promising techniques of microscopic volume trapping and transportation within an add/drop multiplexer have been reported in both theory [6]and experiment [7], respectively. The transporter in these techniques is known as an optical tweezer. The technique for generating optical tweezers has become a powerful tool for manipulating of micrometer-sized particles. Useful static tweezers have now been well recognized and realized. The use of dynamic tweezers has also been realized in practical works [8-10]. Schulz et al. [11] have shown that trapped atoms between can be transported between two optical potentials. Optical tweezers use forces exerted by intensity gradients in strongly focused beams of light to trap and move nanoscopic volumes of matter. During the movement, another combination of forces is induced between photons due to their interactions caused by photon scattering effects. The field intensity can also be adjusted and tuned to the desired gradient field and scattering force so that the suitable trapping force can be formed. Thus, by configuring the appropriated force for the transmitter/ receiver part, nanoscopic particles can be transported over a long distance. In this chapter, the methods for generating the dynamic optical tweezers/vortices using a dark soliton, a bright soliton and a Gaussian pulse propagating within an add/drop optical multiplexer with two nanoring resonators (PANDA ring resonator) will be discussed. The dynamic behaviors of a soliton and Gaussian pulses are well described. [12]. By using the proposed system, the transceiver can be integrated to form a single device. The transceiver can be used to transport nanoscopic volumes of matter [13], especially, molecules in liquid core waveguide [14, 15], drugs, and DNA, where a buffer is needed before the substance reaches its destination.
Optical add-drop filters have been widely investigated in many areas of application, especially the use of an all-optical device which is formed with a modified add-drop optical filter known as a PANDA ring resonator [1-3]. By using an optical darkbright soliton control arrangement within a semiconductor add-drop multiplexer, promising applications have been observed [4]. In application, one of the advantages is that the dark soliton peak signal is always at low level, which is useful for secured signal communications in the transmission link. The other applications are associated with high-optical-field configurations (such as an optical tweezer or potential well) [5]. Spin manipulation has generated tremendous research progress in many fields, such as the light-shift effect in a rubidium atom [6], magnetic clusters [7], semiconductors [8], GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well [9], carbon nanotubes [10], thinfilm nanomagnets [11], magnetic tunnel junctions [12], and CdTe quantum dots [13]. All of these fields are based on pulsed magnetic resonance technique, which is well developed, but to date the single spin detection still remains a challenging task. The use of photon states for spin manipulation has become a promising technique of investigation, in which photons are the ideal candidates to transmit quantum information with little decoherency. Furthermore, spin states can be used to store and process quantum information due to their long coherence time. Therefore, the investigation of spin manipulation [14,15], spin detection, remote spin entanglement mediated by photons, and quantum-state transfer between photons and spins are of great importance. However, there is still a need to explore aspects of spin coupling and orbital motion of electrons in carbon nanotubes, magnetic manipulations, sidewall oxide effects on spin torque, magnetic field-induced reversal characteristics of thin-film nanomagnets, magnetic vortex oscillator driven by direct spin polarized current, and measurement of the spin transfer torque vector in magnetic tunnel junctions [16,17].
We propose a novel system of dynamic potential well generation and control using light pulse control within an add/drop optical filter. The multiplexing signals of the dark solition with bright/Gaussian pulses are controlled, tuned, and amplified within the system. The optical storage rings are embedded within the add/drop optical filter system, whereas the generated optical signals can be stored and amplified within the design system. In application, the storage signals can be configured to be an optical trapping tool, which is known as an optical tweezer, where the high field peak or well can be formed. The advantages are that the dynamic well can be stored and the array of wells can be generated for multiple wells applications. The different in time of the first two dynamic wells of 1 ns is noted.
We propose a novel system of a dark-bright soliton pulse conversion that can be dynamically controlled by the desired input signal within an add/drop optical filter, where the dark solition signals are controlled, tuned and amplified by the input bright soliton. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of dark-bright soliton interaction is analyzed and described. The optical storages are embedded within the add/drop optical filter system, whereas the generated optical signals can be stored and amplified. In application, the storage signals can be configured to be an optical trapping tool/potential well which is known as optical tweezers, where the high field peak signal or well can be formed the trapping tool.