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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

LOADING OF A KRYPTON MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAP WITH TWO HOLLOW LASER BEAMS IN A ZEEMAN SLOWER

S. Singh, V. B. Tiwari, S. R. Mishra, H. S. Rawat

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.7868/s0044451014090065

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A significant enhancement in the number of cold atoms in an atomic-beam-loaded magneto-optical trap (MOT) for metastable krypton atoms is observed when hollow laser beams are used in a Zeeman slower instead of a Gaussian laser beam. In the Zeeman slower setup, a combination of two hollow laser beams, i.e., a variable-diameter hollow beam generated using a pair of axicon lenses superimposed on a fixed-diameter hollow beam, has been used to reduce the longitudinal velocity of the atoms in the atomic beam below the capture speed of the MOT. The observed enhancement in the number of atoms in the MOT is attributed to reduced destruction of the atom cloud in the MOT and increased cooling of the off-axis atoms in the atomic beam, resulting from the use of hollow beams in the Zeeman slower.
We report the studies on the effect of Zeeman slower beam power on the loading rate and collision loss rate in an atomic beam loaded krypton magneto-optical trap (MOT). The results show that an increase in Zeeman slower beam power initially increases the MOT loading rate and reduces the background collision loss rate to increase the number of cold atoms in the MOT to an optimum value. With further increase in the Zeeman slower beam power, the number of cold atoms in the MOT decreases due to increased background collision loss rate and decrease in the trap loading rate. However, the cold collision loss rate is observed to remain unaffected by the variation in the Zeeman slower beam power. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to optimize the Zeeman slower beam power to trap maximum number of cold atoms in an atomic beam loaded MOT.
This thesis presents progress toward the production of ultracold CsYb molecules. To this end, an apparatus capable of producing magneto optical traps of Yb and Cs was designed, built and tested. Both atoms are produced in a dual species oven and both slowed to low speeds by a single Zeeman slower. From the Zeeman slower atoms are captured in a dual-species magneto-optical trap. To cool caesium the 852 nm D2 transition is addressed by two lasers for cooling and repump. For ytterbium the 399 nm 1S0 ⇒ 1P1 transition is addressed for the Zeeman slower and the 556 nm 1S0 ⇒ 3P1 transition is addressed for the magneto-optical trap. The 399 nm light is produced by two homebuilt diode lasers in an injection-seeding setup, which can produce up to 100 mW. The 556 nm light is produced from a commercial frequency doubled fiber laser, which can produce up to 260 mW. The Zeeman slower is characterised experimentally for both Cs and Yb, and the results compared to those of a numerical simulation of the slower for Yb. The velocity distribution exiting the slower is very sensitive to the exact magnetic field profile, the laser power and detuning of the laser light. The number of atoms loaded into the magneto-optical trap was investigated as a function of the magnetic field gradient, the laser power and the laser detuning. The capture velocity of the Yb MOT is small because the linewidth of the MOT transition is narrow, and so we investigated the influence of broadening the laser linewidth by adding multiple finely-spaced sidebands to the laser light. After optimisation the caesium MOT trapped 5.5 ×10^8 atoms at 125 ± 4 μK. The ytterbium MOT trapped 4.7 ×10^9 atoms at 81 ± 2 μK. Lastly we demonstrate that both MOTs can be produced in the same vacuum chamber simultaneously.