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Science

SCIENCE ONLINE

Published Oct 23, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum teleportation can't beam things around à la Star Trek, but it can instantly transfer information about an object from one place to another. In this week's Enhanced Perspective, Carlton Caves discusses an experiment reported in this issue that shows unambiguous evidence for quantum teleportation via lightbeam. Hyperlinks will teleport you to information about quantum mechanics, quantum information theory, and other experiments. www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5389/637

DOI
10.1126/science.282.5389.587e

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Quantum teleportation can't beam things around à la Star Trek, but it can instantly transfer information about an object from one place to another. In this week's Enhanced Perspective, Carlton Caves discusses an experiment reported in this issue that shows unambiguous evidence for quantum teleportation via lightbeam. Hyperlinks will teleport you to information about quantum mechanics, quantum information theory, and other experiments. www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5389/637
Transmission of a polarization state The word “teleportation” comes from parapsychology and means transportation of persons or things from one place to another using mental power. It was taken over into science fiction literature, where the transport is imagined to take place instantaneously. However this is still to be invented, and is surely nonsense – relativity theory teaches us that the velocity of light is the upper bound for the motion of an object. Nevertheless, teleportation has occupied a firm place in our fantasies, and when renowned quantum physicists (as has happened) use this word, they can be sure to attract attention. So, what is it all about? The basic idea is that it is not necessary to transport material constituents (ultimately the elementary particles). The same particles already exist at other places; we “simply” need to put them together in the right way. To do this, we need a complete set of building instructions, and this is, according to quantum theory, the quantum mechanical wave function representing the maximum information known about an object. We could imagine the wave function measured on the original system, then transmitted via a conventional (classical) information channel to another place and there used for system reconstruction. Unfortunately, the first step, the determination of the wave function on a single system , is impossible (see Section 10.3). However, quantum mechanics offers us another “magic trick.”
By quantum teleportation an unknown quantum state is destroyed at a sending place while its perfect replica state appears at a remote place via dual quantum and classical channels. Quantum teleportation allows for the transmission of quantum information to a distant location despite the impossibility of measuring or broadcasting the information to be transmitted. e classical teleportation is like a fax in which one could scan an object and send the information so that the object can be reconstructed at the destination. In this conventional facsimile transmission, the original object is scanned to extract partial information about it. e scanned information is then sent to the receiving station, where it is used to produce an approximate copy of the original object. e original object remains intact a er the scanning process. By contrast, in quantum teleportation, the uncertainty principle forbids any scanning process from extracting all the information in a quantum state. e nonlocal property of quantum mechanics enables the striking phenomenon of quantum teleportation. Bennett and coworkers28 showed that a quantum state can be teleported, provided one does not know that state, using a celebrated and paradoxical feature of quantum mechanics known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) e ect.11 ey found a way to scan out part of the information from an object A, which one wishes to teleport, while causing the remaining part of the information to pass to an object B, via the EPR e ect. In this process, two objects B and C form an entangled pair; object C is taken to the sending station, while object B is taken to the receiving station. At the sending station, object C is scanned together with the original object A, yielding some information and totally disrupting the state of A and C. e scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object B, thereby putting B into an exact replica of the former state of A.
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation is commonly portrayed in science fiction as a means to transfer physical objects from one location to the next, quantum teleportation only transfers quantum information. In July, the US Department of Energy unveiled a blueprint for the first quantum internet, connecting several of its National Laboratories across the country. A quantum internet would be able to transmit large volumes of data across immense distances at a rate that exceeds the speed of light. Traditional computer data is coded in either zeros or ones. Quantum information is superimposed in both zeros and ones simultaneously. Academics, researchers and IT professionals will need to create devices for the infrastructure of quantum internet including: quantum routers, repeaters, gateways, hubs, and other quantum tools.
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation is commonly portrayed in science fiction as a means to transfer physical objects from one location to the next, quantum teleportation only transfers quantum information . Quantum information is superimposed in both zeros and ones simultaneously. Academics, researchers, and IT professionals will need to create devices for the infrastructure of quantum internet including: quantum routers, repeaters, gateways, hubs, and other quantum tools. The “traditional internet,” as the regular internet is sometimes called, will still exist. It is expected that large organizations will rely on the quantum internet to safeguard data, but those individual consumers will continue to use the classical internet.