In order to solve various security risks faced by image privacy protection, we propose a 3D cuboid image encryption scheme based on message-encoded controlled alternate quantum walks. Firstly, we calculated the initial parameters of the quantum system and performed a one-dimensional quantum walk to generate a probability distribution sequence. Secondly, we encoded the sequence into a quaternary message using multiple sets of encoded messages to control the alternate quantum walk model, generating a 3D probability amplitude matrix and 3D probability distribution matrix to obtain the 3D quantum hash sequence through the 3D probability distribution matrix. Then, the image was divided into blocks and integrated into a cuboid. The image cuboid was scrambled between layers using the probability value sequence, and the 3D probability distribution matrix was used to complete the scrambling of the cross-section between layers. Finally, we converted each pixel value of the scrambled cuboid into a binary cube and controlled it to perform the rotation operation through the 3D probability magnitude matrix, then used the 3D quantum hash sequence to XOR the obtained cuboid image and tilted it to obtain the final encrypted image. The simulation results show that the image encryption scheme can resist various typical attacks and has good security performance.In order to solve various security risks faced by image privacy protection, we propose a 3D cuboid image encryption scheme based on message-encoded controlled alternate quantum walks. Firstly, we calculated the initial parameters of the quantum system and performed a one-dimensional quantum walk to generate a probability distribution sequence. Secondly, we encoded the sequence into a quaternary message using multiple sets of encoded messages to control the alternate quantum walk model, generating a 3D probability amplitude matrix and 3D probability distribution matrix to obtain the 3D quantum hash sequence through the 3D probability distribution matrix. Then, the image was divided into blocks and integrated into a cuboid. The image cuboid was scrambled between layers using the probability value sequence, and the 3D probability distribution matrix was used to complete the scrambling of the cross-section between layers. Finally, we converted each pixel value of the scrambled cuboid into a binary cube and controlled it to perform the rotation operation through the 3D probability magnitude matrix, then used the 3D quantum hash sequence to XOR the obtained cuboid image and tilted it to obtain the final encrypted image. The simulation results show that the image encryption scheme can resist various typical attacks and has good security performance.

MathematicsNov 24, 20226 citations

On the control of flying qubits

Wenlong Li, Guofeng Zhang, Re-Bing Wu

AutomaticaJun 25, 202213 citations

Solid-state qubits under control

D. V. Averin

NatureApr 1, 199931 citations

Efficient Quantum Error Correction from Three Dimensional Qubit Control

Kevin Yipu Wu, Ohik Kwon, Maxwell F. Parsons

High-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can substantially reduce qubit overhead relative to surface codes, but their advantage depends on efficiently realizing nonlocal syndrome extraction. We study the $[[144,12,12]]$ bivariate bicycle code on a neutral-atom architecture with native three-dimensional (3D) geometry, comparing planar and 3D embeddings while holding the code fixed. We characterize spatial efficiency using the logical-qubit density, defined as the number of encoded logical qubits per unit spatial footprint. Because the optical controller's field of view limits the transverse extent of an array, this metric estimates the number of logical qubits that can be accommodated within a fixed optical field of view. The 3D embedding achieves approximately $4\times$ greater areal logical-qubit density than the planar layout and $42\times$ greater than a surface-code baseline. It also reduces the bivariate bicycle syndrome-extraction time by roughly $2\times$ compared to a planar baseline, with fewer movement operations and substantially shorter atom-transport distance. Native 3D geometry can improve both the packing density and executable realization of nonlocal qLDPC codes, making practical performance depend jointly on code structure, optical geometry, transport scheduling, and hardware-level noise. This motivates further development of control techniques in 3D.High-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can substantially reduce qubit overhead relative to surface codes, but their advantage depends on efficiently realizing nonlocal syndrome extraction. We study the $[[144,12,12]]$ bivariate bicycle code on a neutral-atom architecture with native three-dimensional (3D) geometry, comparing planar and 3D embeddings while holding the code fixed. We characterize spatial efficiency using the logical-qubit density, defined as the number of encoded logical qubits per unit spatial footprint. Because the optical controller's field of view limits the transverse extent of an array, this metric estimates the number of logical qubits that can be accommodated within a fixed optical field of view. The 3D embedding achieves approximately $4\times$ greater areal logical-qubit density than the planar layout and $42\times$ greater than a surface-code baseline. It also reduces the bivariate bicycle syndrome-extraction time by roughly $2\times$ compared to a planar baseline, with fewer movement operations and substantially shorter atom-transport distance. Native 3D geometry can improve both the packing density and executable realization of nonlocal qLDPC codes, making practical performance depend jointly on code structure, optical geometry, transport scheduling, and hardware-level noise. This motivates further development of control techniques in 3D.

quant-pharXiv:2609.04459Sep 7, 20260 citations

A Bloch Sphere Animation Software using a Three Dimensional Java Simulator

Changming Huo

Electron spin, alone or in conjunction with charge, can be used to process information and build up quantum computers because it is a natural quantum bit.In this work, a Java simulator has been constructed and a 3D display has been created using Java 3D API to animate the motion of a qubit or spinor based on the Bloch sphere and Bloch ball concepts.The simulator is capable of illustrating the Larmor precession of a qubit, the Rabi formula which calculates the probability of spin flip in a time dependent magnetic field, and the density matrix concept where the time evolution of an ensemble of spinors can be examined.Control panels are constructed on the user interface to allow manipulation of qubits and adjustment of simulation parameters such as external time-independent and time-dependent magnetic fields.The simulator provides a user friendly software package useful for teaching and self-learning in the field of spintronics.Electron spin, alone or in conjunction with charge, can be used to process information and build up quantum computers because it is a natural quantum bit.In this work, a Java simulator has been constructed and a 3D display has been created using Java 3D API to animate the motion of a qubit or spinor based on the Bloch sphere and Bloch ball concepts.The simulator is capable of illustrating the Larmor precession of a qubit, the Rabi formula which calculates the probability of spin flip in a time dependent magnetic field, and the density matrix concept where the time evolution of an ensemble of spinors can be examined.Control panels are constructed on the user interface to allow manipulation of qubits and adjustment of simulation parameters such as external time-independent and time-dependent magnetic fields.The simulator provides a user friendly software package useful for teaching and self-learning in the field of spintronics.

Jan 1, 20091 citation

[[144,12,12]]

bivariate bicycle code on a neutral-atom architecture with native three-dimensional (3D) geometry, comparing planar and 3D embeddings while holding the code fixed. We characterize spatial efficiency using the logical-qubit density, defined as the number of encoded logical qubits per unit spatial footprint. Because the optical controller's field of view limits the transverse extent of an array, this metric estimates the number of logical qubits that can be accommodated within a fixed optical field of view. The 3D embedding achieves approximately

4\times

greater areal logical-qubit density than the planar layout and

42\times

greater than a surface-code baseline. It also reduces the bivariate bicycle syndrome-extraction time by roughly

2\times

compared to a planar baseline, with fewer movement operations and substantially shorter atom-transport distance. Native 3D geometry can improve both the packing density and executable realization of nonlocal qLDPC codes, making practical performance depend jointly on code structure, optical geometry, transport scheduling, and hardware-level noise. This motivates further development of control techniques in 3D.