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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Optical Coherence

Published Apr 27, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9789814696586_0026

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a 3D imaging technique that was introduced in 1991 [Science 254, 1178 (1991); Applied Optics 31, 919 (1992)]. Since 2018 there has been growing interest in a new type of OCT scheme based on the use of so-called nonlinear interferometers, interferometers that contain optical parametric amplifiers. Some of these OCT schemes are based on the idea of induced coherence [Physical Review A 97, 023824 (2018)], while others make use of an SU(1,1) interferometer [Quantum Science and Technology 3 025008 (2018)]. What are the differences and similarities between the output signals measured in standard OCT and in these new OCT schemes? Are there any differences between OCT schemes based on induced coherence and on an SU(1,1) interferometer? Differences can unveil potential advantages of OCT based on nonlinear interferometers when compared with conventional OCT schemes. Similarities might benefit the schemes based on nonlinear interferometers from the wealth of research and technology related to conventional OCT schemes. In all cases we will consider the scheme where the optical sectioning of the sample is obtained by measuring the output signal spectrum (spectral, or Fourier-domain OCT), since it shows better performance in terms of speed and sensitivity than its counterpart time-domain OCT.

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Quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) is the non-classical counterpart of optical coherence tomography (OCT), by which quantum interference of entangled photon pairs is used to show some advantages over classical OCT. Currently, almost all research on the QOCT focuses on the case with two photons and a twofold improvement in axial resolution has been demonstrated. Here, we introduce the multiple reflections strategy into the QOCT scheme, referencing the multi-pass strategy of the sequential scheme in quantum metrology, and provide a theoretical framework for multi-reflection quantum-optical coherence tomography (MQOCT). According to such a scheme, when the incident light interacts with the sample N times, the axial resolution of MQOCT is theoretically enhanced by a factor of N compared to that of QOCT under the same spectral bandwidth while preserving the dispersion cancellation capability of QOCT. Furthermore, we present a classical optical analogy of MQOCT using P -beam correlated multi-mode broadband beams and experimentally validate it. The classical optical analogy of MQOCT theoretically has the same resolution enhancement capability and dispersion cancellation capability as MQOCT while avoiding the fragility issues associated with the quantum light source which is used in MQOCT.

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Coherence of Light

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Springer eBooks•Jan 1, 1980•0 citations
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a 3D imaging technique that was introduced in 1991 [Science 254, 1178 (1991); Applied Optics 31, 919 (1992)]. Since 2018 there has been growing interest in a new type of OCT scheme based on the use of so-called nonlinear interferometers, interferometers that contain optical parametric amplifiers. Some of these OCT schemes are based on the idea of induced coherence [Physical Review A 97, 023824 (2018)], while others make use of an SU(1,1) interferometer [Quantum Science and Technology 3 025008 (2018)]. What are the differences and similarities between the output signals measured in standard OCT and in these new OCT schemes? Are there any differences between OCT schemes based on induced coherence and on an SU(1,1) interferometer? Differences can unveil potential advantages of OCT based on nonlinear interferometers when compared with conventional OCT schemes. Similarities might benefit the schemes based on nonlinear interferometers from the wealth of research and technology related to conventional OCT schemes. In all cases we will consider the scheme where the optical sectioning of the sample is obtained by measuring the output signal spectrum (spectral, or Fourier-domain OCT), since it shows better performance in terms of speed and sensitivity than its counterpart time-domain OCT.
In this paper, a universal description of the optical coherence is represented, where the quasi-monochromatic optical field and the corresponding coherence are expressed by Dirac state vector and the coherence operator, respectively. The spatial coherence, the temporal coherence, and the partial polarization state are described by the abstract operator i. e. coherence operator. With the operator method, the description of the optical coherence becomes simple and flexible, and reveals the essence of the optical coherence.
Quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) is the non-classical counterpart of optical coherence tomography (OCT), by which quantum interference of entangled photon pairs is used to show some advantages over classical OCT. Currently, almost all research on the QOCT focuses on the case with two photons and a twofold improvement in axial resolution has been demonstrated. Here, we introduce the multiple reflections strategy into the QOCT scheme, referencing the multi-pass strategy of the sequential scheme in quantum metrology, and provide a theoretical framework for multi-reflection quantum-optical coherence tomography (MQOCT). According to such a scheme, when the incident light interacts with the sample N times, the axial resolution of MQOCT is theoretically enhanced by a factor of N compared to that of QOCT under the same spectral bandwidth while preserving the dispersion cancellation capability of QOCT. Furthermore, we present a classical optical analogy of MQOCT using P -beam correlated multi-mode broadband beams and experimentally validate it. The classical optical analogy of MQOCT theoretically has the same resolution enhancement capability and dispersion cancellation capability as MQOCT while avoiding the fragility issues associated with the quantum light source which is used in MQOCT.