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Annals of Physics

Superluminal, advanced, and retarded propagation of electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics

Kuo‐Ho Yang, Donald H. Kobe

Published Apr 1, 1986• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0003-4916(86)90118-1

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Classically, electromagnetic pulses are described by real fields that couple to charged matter and propagate causally. We will show here that real fields of the form used in standard classical electromagnetic theory have a quantum mechanical interpretation in which the probability density for a photon to be at x\mathbf{x}x is positive definite and operators representing all of the standard physical observables exist. A covariant alternative to the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{k}^{1/2}$ dependence that appears in most (but not all) presentations of quantum optics and quantum field theory is presented and real Lorentz scalar one-photon advanced and retarded potentials are derived.
Causality and special relativity pose an upper limit to the amount of advance that an optical pulse can acquire during a superluminal propagation. Such a limit can be circumvented if the pulse, before entering the superluminal medium, is retarded by letting it propagate under normal dispersion. We present an experimental evidence of this fact by showing that a laser pulse propagating in an atomic vapor, quasi resonant with an inverted transition and in conditions of anomalous dispersion, moves faster if it is previously retarded in a cell containing the same medium with no population inversion. Optical transmission lines often need an amplification stage to overcome the signal attenuation and the unavoidable delay respect to propagation at c; in this paper we tailor such stage to provide also an optical controlled recover of such delay. We believe that our results can open exciting prospects for real-life optical data processing and communication.
The issue of whether Bell's theorem and other remote connectedness phenomena, such as Young's double slit experiment, demands superluminal or space-like signals or prior generated luminal signals is an area of hot debate. This also relates to the existence of advanced vs. retarded potentials and annihilation creation operators which are of interest in this regard. Using the complex model of we will examine the issue of the nonlocality of Bell's theorem as quantum mechanical ‘transactions’ providing a microscopic communication path between detectors across space-like intervals, which violate the EPR locality postulate [1]. See Chap. 4. This picture appears consistent with the remote connectedness properties of complex Minkowski space. Also, there are implications for macroscopic communications channels; another area of debate. Detailed discussions of Bell's theorem are given in [2].