This Section contains examples of important areas in atomic physics, including articles on cold atoms collisions, accelerator-based atomic collisions, fundamental-type atomic collisions, high-precision atomic theory and the few-body problem, and ``exotic atoms.''
Physicists often like talking about atoms colliding together like billiard balls. In reality, things are very different. Collisions that occur between atoms at temperatures near absolute zero, for example, have some highly unusual properties. These collisions are no longer governed by classical physics, but by quantum mechanics. Studying such collisions is important since cold atoms are beginning to be used in a range of experiments, from precision measurements of physical constants to atom optics and atom interferometry.
Over the last two decades cold atoms have emerged as a most useful platform for exploring quantum science and quantum technology. Cooling, trapping and manipulating atomic systems require understanding of low energy collisions physics. The purpose of this book is to bridge the gap between graduate teaching in scattering theory, particularly atomic scattering, and the emergent fields of cold atoms and cold molecules. Although this book presents basics of collisions physics as applicable to different branches of physics and chemistry, it is written with a particular emphasis on the physics of low energy quantum collisions and its applications to cold atoms. Key features • Pedagogic description of the topics will make this book suitable for graduate students taking courses on quantum scattering theory and cold atomic physics. • Each chapter will have exercises and worked examples. • Emphasises applications of theory to current research topics in several inter-related areas. • Incorporates numerical techniques. • Self-contained, with appendices summarising related topics needed by students.
With the continuous advancement and maturation of laser cooling techniques for atoms and molecules and full-dimensional electron and ion imaging technology, using momentum imaging techniques to investigate the characteristic properties of cold atoms and collision dynamics has emerged as a burgeoning research direction. This progress has driven the development of a series of high-resolution electron and ion detection devices, leading to innovative breakthroughs in fields such as cold molecule reactions, Rydberg atoms, nuclear decay, photoionization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and cold plasmas, collisions between cold atoms and ions/electrons, coherent control of cold atoms, and strong-field ultrafast physics. This article reviews representative instruments and their corresponding seminal achievements in the following domains: In cold molecular/cold chemical reactions, imaging technology has revealed new insights into reaction mechanisms; For cold Rydberg atom interactions, it demonstrates high-precision quantum state manipulation capabilities, advancing quantum information processing; In nuclear decay research, it provides ultra-sensitive detection methods, deepening understanding of decay processes; For BEC photoionization and cold plasma control, it can precisely monitor and manipulate microscopic processes; In cold atomic collision studies, it reveals new details in collision dynamics, refining collision theories; Regarding coherent control of cold atoms, it achieves accurate quantum state manipulation and interference; In strong-field ultrafast processes, it elucidates complex electron dynamics under intense fields, providing innovative methods for ultrafast laser control. Furthermore, this article summarizes the applications of imaging technologies in the aforementioned research areas involving cold atoms, and provides prospects for future developments in this evolving field.