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CRC Press eBooks

Application of the Photon Echo in a Gas Medium for Data Writing, Storage, and Processing

Igor V. Yevseyev, Valery M. Yermachenko, Самарцев Виталий Владимирович

Published Feb 24, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As it was emphasized several times above, the phenomenon of the photon echo is an optical analog of the spin echo that has been discovered [ 1 ] about a decade earlier. That is why many ideas from the theory of the spin echo has been transferred to the theory of the photon echo and appeared to be fruitful there. One of these ideas put forward by Fernbach and Proctor [ 2 ] is the idea of the possibility of the use of the phenomenon of the spin echo for writing, storage, and processing of the data. The authors [ 2 ] determined the conditions under which the signals of the spin and stimulated spin echo can reproduce (direct or time-reversed) shape of one of the exciting pulses. The theoretical analysis was proved by the corresponding experiments.

DOI
10.1201/9780203642696-5

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Application of the Photon Echo in a Gas Medium for Data Writing, Storage, and Processing

CRC Press eBooks•Feb 24, 2004•0 citations

DEGENERATE PHOTON ECHOES

Masaharu Mitsunaga, M. K. Kim, Ravinder Kachru

The three-pulse stimulated photon echo has been considered as one of the most fundamental transient four wave mixing processes1, where each of the three excitation pulses induces a single elementary interaction process between a laser field and an inhomogeneously broadened two-level system., resulting in a burst of the fourth wave, i.e., echo. Now if four or more optical pulses are applied to a medium, a number of photon echoes should be expected, in general. At low excitation intensities where the perturbation theory is applicable, however, the dominant nonlinear process is still the three-pulse stimulated echo and consequently each echo signal is generated only by three of the preceding pulses. It is rather a remarkable result that the echo intensity is unaffected by the presence of all the rest of the pulses other than its three generators. With this in mind, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that by applying a single optical pulse (#1) propagating along k1 followed by N pairs of counter-propagating pulses (#2j (k2j) and #3j− (k3j = −k2j); j=1,…N) in various directions, it is possible to obtain N photon echoes along the direction -k1 opposite to the first pulse #1. We will call this degenerate photon echoes, degenerate in. the sense that the echoes are spatially overlapping and temporally simultaneous. When N=l, this scheme is reduced to the ordinary backward photon echo2,3. The doubly degenerate case (N=2) is illustrated in Fig. 1. The j-th echo will be generated by the set of pulses (#1, #2j, #3j) and appear at t = t3j + t2j − t1 where t1, i2j and t3j are the arrival times of the pulses #1, #2j and #3j, respectively.

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Photon Echo Optical Processing.

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This diploma paper gives a survey of the possibilities to do optical processing and data storage with the photon echo concept, and results from experiments and numerical calculations performed within this area of research.Bitwise logical 'and' operations of two eight-bit words has been performed experimentally.Optical pulse sequences have been reemitted from a sample unchanged, reversed, compressed and expanded, and pulse sequences have been convoluted and correlated with each other experimentally by means of the photon echo process.

Lund reports on atomic physics•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Methods of Theoretical Description of the Formation of Photon Echo and Stimulated Photon Echo Signals in Gases

Igor V. Yevseyev, Valery M. Yermachenko, Самарцев Виталий Владимирович

In this chapter, we provide a review of early theoretical studies on the photon echo in gases. We derive the basic equations, which will be employed in this monograph for the theoretical description of electromagnetic processes in gas media. For the elementary case when the angular momenta J b , and J a of the upper ( b ) and lower ( a ) resonant levels are equal to 1 and 0, respectively, we analyze the formation of photon echo and stimulated photon echo signals in the case of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral line corresponding to an optically allowed b → a transition. We discuss characteristic parameters involved in the theory of photon echo in gas media.

CRC Press eBooks•Feb 24, 2004•0 citations

Investigations of Issues Relevant to the Application of Photon Echoes in Information Technology

Ulf Elman

Photon echoes have been studied both experimentally and theoretically, with the main part of the work centred around the concept of using photon echoes for all-optical data storage and processing. The four basic Boolean operators, AND, OR, NOT and XOR have been experimentally demonstrated using photon echoes. These constitute a complete set of Boolean operators. Selective erasure of digital data bits stored using photon echoes have been performed experimentally using three different laser systems with increasing frequency stabilities spanning three orders of magnitude, and the demands put on laser phase- and frequency stability using the suggested erasure method, have been studied. The effects of laser phase- and frequency fluctuations on both ordinary stimulated echoes and on coherently added echoes, have been analysed theoretically using the theory of stochastic processes. The resulting bit error rates in digital optical data processing systems due to such fluctuations have been considered. It has been shown possible experimentally to amplify photon echoes using fibre amplifiers, and to regenerate echoes from echoes amplified with this method. The advantages and limitations of this method for regeneration of photon echoes have been studied.

Lund reports on atomic physics•Jan 1, 1998•2 citations

Numerical Solution and Applications of Photon Echo

Longzhao Lu, Cheng Li, Xiangyang Yu

Important applications in optical information storage and processing based on photon echo have been developed.An accurate and effective numerical method to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations that are used to describe the optical pulse propagation and interaction with inhomogeneously broadened two-level medium will be introduced.Two-pulse photon echo is calculated then photon echo and multiple-pulse photon echoes are stimulated in optical thin(thick) media by using the method,and the physical properties of those echoes are analyzed.The results show that the approach to storage and retrieval of light using multiple-pulse photon echoes based on stimulated photon echo is an effective mode.

Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni•Mar 25, 2013•0 citations
As it was emphasized several times above, the phenomenon of the photon echo is an optical analog of the spin echo that has been discovered [ 1 ] about a decade earlier. That is why many ideas from the theory of the spin echo has been transferred to the theory of the photon echo and appeared to be fruitful there. One of these ideas put forward by Fernbach and Proctor [ 2 ] is the idea of the possibility of the use of the phenomenon of the spin echo for writing, storage, and processing of the data. The authors [ 2 ] determined the conditions under which the signals of the spin and stimulated spin echo can reproduce (direct or time-reversed) shape of one of the exciting pulses. The theoretical analysis was proved by the corresponding experiments.
The three-pulse stimulated photon echo has been considered as one of the most fundamental transient four wave mixing processes1, where each of the three excitation pulses induces a single elementary interaction process between a laser field and an inhomogeneously broadened two-level system., resulting in a burst of the fourth wave, i.e., echo. Now if four or more optical pulses are applied to a medium, a number of photon echoes should be expected, in general. At low excitation intensities where the perturbation theory is applicable, however, the dominant nonlinear process is still the three-pulse stimulated echo and consequently each echo signal is generated only by three of the preceding pulses. It is rather a remarkable result that the echo intensity is unaffected by the presence of all the rest of the pulses other than its three generators. With this in mind, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that by applying a single optical pulse (#1) propagating along k1 followed by N pairs of counter-propagating pulses (#2j (k2j) and #3j− (k3j = −k2j); j=1,…N) in various directions, it is possible to obtain N photon echoes along the direction -k1 opposite to the first pulse #1. We will call this degenerate photon echoes, degenerate in. the sense that the echoes are spatially overlapping and temporally simultaneous. When N=l, this scheme is reduced to the ordinary backward photon echo2,3. The doubly degenerate case (N=2) is illustrated in Fig. 1. The j-th echo will be generated by the set of pulses (#1, #2j, #3j) and appear at t = t3j + t2j − t1 where t1, i2j and t3j are the arrival times of the pulses #1, #2j and #3j, respectively.
This diploma paper gives a survey of the possibilities to do optical processing and data storage with the photon echo concept, and results from experiments and numerical calculations performed within this area of research.Bitwise logical 'and' operations of two eight-bit words has been performed experimentally.Optical pulse sequences have been reemitted from a sample unchanged, reversed, compressed and expanded, and pulse sequences have been convoluted and correlated with each other experimentally by means of the photon echo process.
In this chapter, we provide a review of early theoretical studies on the photon echo in gases. We derive the basic equations, which will be employed in this monograph for the theoretical description of electromagnetic processes in gas media. For the elementary case when the angular momenta J b , and J a of the upper ( b ) and lower ( a ) resonant levels are equal to 1 and 0, respectively, we analyze the formation of photon echo and stimulated photon echo signals in the case of an inhomogeneously broadened spectral line corresponding to an optically allowed b → a transition. We discuss characteristic parameters involved in the theory of photon echo in gas media.
Photon echoes have been studied both experimentally and theoretically, with the main part of the work centred around the concept of using photon echoes for all-optical data storage and processing. The four basic Boolean operators, AND, OR, NOT and XOR have been experimentally demonstrated using photon echoes. These constitute a complete set of Boolean operators. Selective erasure of digital data bits stored using photon echoes have been performed experimentally using three different laser systems with increasing frequency stabilities spanning three orders of magnitude, and the demands put on laser phase- and frequency stability using the suggested erasure method, have been studied. The effects of laser phase- and frequency fluctuations on both ordinary stimulated echoes and on coherently added echoes, have been analysed theoretically using the theory of stochastic processes. The resulting bit error rates in digital optical data processing systems due to such fluctuations have been considered. It has been shown possible experimentally to amplify photon echoes using fibre amplifiers, and to regenerate echoes from echoes amplified with this method. The advantages and limitations of this method for regeneration of photon echoes have been studied.
Important applications in optical information storage and processing based on photon echo have been developed.An accurate and effective numerical method to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations that are used to describe the optical pulse propagation and interaction with inhomogeneously broadened two-level medium will be introduced.Two-pulse photon echo is calculated then photon echo and multiple-pulse photon echoes are stimulated in optical thin(thick) media by using the method,and the physical properties of those echoes are analyzed.The results show that the approach to storage and retrieval of light using multiple-pulse photon echoes based on stimulated photon echo is an effective mode.