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CRC Press eBooks

A General pattern of different ways of construction and applications of path integrals

Масуд Чайчиан, A Demichev

Published Oct 3, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In order to give the reader an idea about the different approaches to the construction of path integrals and their main applications, we present schematically the general pattern in figure 2.5 (page 319). Obviously, it is impossible to reflect in a single figure the many different path-integral applications and thus this diagram may serve only for a preliminary orientation in the subject and for visualizing the links which exist among various topics discussed in this monograph.

DOI
10.1201/9781315273358-9

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In order to give the reader an idea about the different approaches to the construction of path integrals and their main applications, we present schematically the general pattern in figure 2.5 (page 319). Obviously, it is impossible to reflect in a single figure the many different path-integral applications and thus this diagram may serve only for a preliminary orientation in the subject and for visualizing the links which exist among various topics discussed in this monograph.
These lectures are intended as an introduction to the technique of path integrals and their applications in physics. The audience is mainly first-year graduate students, and it is assumed that the reader has a good foundation in quantum mechanics. No prior exposure to path integrals is assumed, however. The path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics equivalent to the standard formulations, offering a new way of looking at the subject which is, arguably, more intuitive than the usual approaches. Applications of path integrals are as vast as those of quantum mechanics itself, including the quantum mechanics of a single particle, statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics and quantum field theory. After an introduction including a very brief historical overview of the subject, we derive a path integral expression for the propagator in quantum mechanics, including the free particle and harmonic oscillator as examples. We then discuss a variety of applications, including path integrals in multiply-connected spaces, Euclidean path integrals and statistical mechanics, perturbation theory in quantum mechanics and in quantum field theory, and instantons via path integrals. For the most part, the emphasis is on explicit calculations in the familiar setting of quantum mechanics, with some discussion (often brief and schematic) of how these ideas can be applied to more complicated situations such as field theory.
The authors examine several topical subjects, commencing with a general introduction to path integrals in quantum mechanics and the group theoretical backgrounds for path integrals. Applications of harmonic analysis, polar coordinate formulation, various techniques and path integrals on SU(2) and SU(1, 1) are discussed. Soluble examples presented include particle-flux system, a pulsed oscillator, magnetic monopole, the Coulomb problem in curved space and others.The second part deals with the SU(2) coherent states and their applications. Construction and generalization of the SU(2) coherent sta
In this thesis we are investigating a different formalism of non-relativistic quantum mechanics called the path integral formalism.It is a generalization of the classical least action principle.The introduction to this subject begins with the construction of the path integral in terms of the idea of probability amplitudes whose absolute square gives the probability of finding a system in a particular state.Then we show that if the Lagrangian is a quadratic form one needs only to calculate the classical action besides from a time-dependent normalization constant to find the explicit expression of the path integral.We look in to the subject of two kinds of slit-experiments: The square slit, the single-and the double-Gaussian slit.Also, the propagator for constrained paths is calculated and applied to the Aharonov-Bohm effect, which shows that the vector potential defined in classical electrodynamics have a physical meaning in quantum mechanics.It is also shown that the path integral formulation is equivalent to the Schrödinger description of quantum mechanics, by deriving the Schrödinger equation from the path integral.Further applications of the path integral are discussed.