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Physics Today

Rudolf Grimm

Published Nov 10, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract

On this date in 1961, Rudolf Grimm, who led one of the projects that created the first Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules, was born in Mannheim, West Germany. In 2002 the team he was working with at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, created a Bose-Einstein condensate from cesium atoms for the first time. The next year they achieved the same thing with molecules and the year after that they created a Fermionic condensate, which is a superfluidic state of fermions, where a Bose-Einstein condensate is a superfluidic state of bosons.

DOI
10.1063/pt.5.031089

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Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Grimm, "A tunable Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper MFF2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

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On this date in 1961, Rudolf Grimm, who led one of the projects that created the first Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules, was born in Mannheim, West Germany. In 2002 the team he was working with at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, created a Bose-Einstein condensate from cesium atoms for the first time. The next year they achieved the same thing with molecules and the year after that they created a Fermionic condensate, which is a superfluidic state of fermions, where a Bose-Einstein condensate is a superfluidic state of bosons.
Physicists are getting closer and closer to the holy grail of research into ultracold atomic gases – the observation of superfluidity in a Fermi gas. Research groups in Austria and the US have recently taken a major step towards this goal by creating a Bose–Einstein condensate of bosonic molecules from a gas of fermionic atoms. If the atoms can be persuaded to form weakly bound pairs, rather than molecules, physicists hope to learn more about the basic mechanisms responsible for superconductivity.
Research into Bose–Einstein condensation has advanced at a rapid pace since this unique state of matter was first produced in 1995. Now the pace is set to quicken even further with the announcement by three groups of faster and simpler techniques for creating Bose condensates. Physicists at Tübingen University in Germany, and independently at the Ludwig Maximilans University in Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, have formed rubidium condensates in miniaturized traps (amo.phy.gasou.edu/bec.html/popular.html). Meanwhile, a team at the Georgia Institute of Technology has demonstrated an all-optical technique for producing condensates (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001 87 010404).
We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules. When a spin mixture of fermionic 6Li atoms was evaporatively cooled in an optical dipole trap near a Feshbach resonance, the atomic gas was converted into 6Li2 molecules. Below 600 nK, a Bose-Einstein condensate of up to 900 000 molecules was identified by the sudden onset of a bimodal density distribution. This condensate realizes the limit of tightly bound fermion pairs in the crossover between BCS superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation.