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Physics Bulletin

Quantum electronics

G.H.C. New

Published Nov 1, 1975• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Powers of up to 10 kW tunable over much of the range 2.5–15.0 μm have been obtained by a team from Southampton University, by pumping caesium vapour with pulsed dye laser radiation. Recent results on stimulated electronic Raman scattering in alkali metal vapours were presented by Dr D Hanna's group at the second national quantum electronics conference held in Oxford in September.

DOI
10.1088/0031-9112/26/11/018

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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jun 14, 1978•3 citations
Powers of up to 10 kW tunable over much of the range 2.5–15.0 μm have been obtained by a team from Southampton University, by pumping caesium vapour with pulsed dye laser radiation. Recent results on stimulated electronic Raman scattering in alkali metal vapours were presented by Dr D Hanna's group at the second national quantum electronics conference held in Oxford in September.
Stimulated electronic Raman scattering, SERS, is a simple method of efficiently generating widely tunable infrared radiation. This work describes techniques by which the tuning capability of this process may be extended. To this end several schemes in Caesium and Barium vapours have been investigated. In Barium vapour two Raman transitions were studied using fixed frequency lasers. Poor performance of one of these transitions led to the application of biharmonic pumping or 'coherent Raman mixing' to enable generation of infrared light, and was the first observation of this process in an atomic vapour. This technique was subsequently used to generate infrared light from tunable dye laser light, which gave continuous tuning from 1.16µm to 1.5µm. The process was found to be limited by atomic saturation. The effect which saturation has on the generation efficiency is considered theoretically, and predicts quite accurately the observed tuning behaviour. Two methods aimed at reducing molecular absorption effects in SERS in alkali vapours were investigated. The techniques employed either laser excitation and dissociation of the molecules or a reduction in their ground state concentration by superheating of the vapour. Some degree of success was achieved in improving the available tuning from the 6s-7s transition in Caesium. However, the inclusion of the effect of collision broadening of atomic transitions into a calculation of the Raman threshold suggests that little further improvement can be obtained on this transition. A direct measurement of the Raman threshold power on the 6s-5d5/2 transition in Caesium gave excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on collision broadening of this Raman transition. In addition, this work gave an insight into the role photoionization plays in increasing the threshold under certain circumstances. The analysis suggests that laser pulse duration and vapour column length are important in determining whether Raman threshold can be exceeded.
Experiments are reported in which a pulsed dye-laser beam nu L was focused into a heat-pipe oven containing caesium vapour at densities of about 10 17 cm -3 . Optically pumped fixed-frequency infra-red laser emission nu IR and tunable stimulated electronic Raman-scattered radiation nu S were observed. In addition the generation of ultra-violet radiation by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering nu UV = nu L - nu S + nu IR was detected. Focused-beam phase matching appears to play a significant role in this process.