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Physics World

Careers and people

Published Sep 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Peter Zoller of the University of Innsbruck has been awarded the 2006 Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) – one of the world's most prestigious physics prizes. Zoller, scientific director of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, is honoured for his work in atomic physics, including proposing the use of trapped ions for quantum computing. The Dirac Medal has been awarded each year since 1985 on 8August, Paul Dirac's birth date, by the ICTP, which is based in Trieste, Italy.

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/19/9/39

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Peter Zoller of the University of Innsbruck has been awarded the 2006 Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) – one of the world's most prestigious physics prizes. Zoller, scientific director of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, is honoured for his work in atomic physics, including proposing the use of trapped ions for quantum computing. The Dirac Medal has been awarded each year since 1985 on 8August, Paul Dirac's birth date, by the ICTP, which is based in Trieste, Italy.
The University of Innsbruck in Austria is one of the world's leading centres for research into the mysteries and subtleties of quantum theory. The work of Anton Zeilinger and colleagues at Innsbruck – such as the experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation – regularly appears in the leading journals, and in magazines such as Physics World. Recently a surprising figure was seen in the labs. Was that really the Dalai Lama – the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism and winner of the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize – checking out a quantum optics experiment?
In this dialogue, the physicist Ignacio Cirac, director of the Theoretical Division of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, outlines why quantum physics has brought about a much greater change than that caused by Einstein’s theory of relativity, how quantum physics takes free will into account and how it combines with philosophy. He describes why quantum theory defines “everything else,” yet is unable to define itself. Explaining how, together with Peter Zoller, he developed and presented the first theoretical description of a quantum computing architecture based on trapped ions, and, how this quantum architecture will be viable and capable of performing calculations we cannot perform at present. Their quantum computer calculates in qubits, which would require at least 100,000 qubits to function, rising to 1,000,000 if error correction is implemented. It will be able to perform calculations previously unachievable and create encrypted messages impossible to decipher. Building a functional quantum computer still requires a huge technological change, which has yet to come about. Lastly, Cirac explains the differences between European and American visions of science and why mathematicians are even more conservative than physicists.
Erwin Schro¨dinger was born in Vienna in 1887, and, by 1927, principally as a result of his celebrated discovery of wave mechanics, he was recognized as one of the most outstanding physicists of his time. In that year he succeeded Max Planck in the prestigious chair of theoretical physics in the University of Berlin and it seemed certain that he would spend the rest of his career there, but the unsettled nature of European politics in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in him instead spending the years 1939 to 1956 in Dublin, where he was Director of the School of Theoretical Physics in the Institute for Advanced Studies from its foundation in 1940.