A simple explanation is given for the continuation of the singlet state over large distances in an EPRBA experiment. The paper answers this question with clocks ticking in synchronized frequencies that can be carried by the particles. The connection is an expression of relativity of the clock variables that represent the distant separated spins.
A simple explanation is given for the continuation of the singlet state over large distances in an EPRBA experiment. The paper answers this question with clocks ticking in synchronized frequencies that can be carried by the particles. The connection is an expression of relativity of the clock variables that represent the distant separated spins.
In the debate of the foundations of quantum theory (QM), Bell’s theorem [1] is an important milestone. Based on Einstein’s criticism of completeness [2], Bell formulated an expression for the correlation between distant spin measurements such as described by Bohm [3]. In Bell’s expression, hidden variables to restore locality and causality to the theory (LHV’s) are introduced through a probability (mass) density function and through their influence upon the elementary measurement functions in the two separate wings (denoted by the Aand the B-wing) of the experiment. Many experiments and theoretical developments arose from Bell’s original paper. The most important experiment was performed by Aspect [4]. Aspect’s results were interpreted as a confirmation of the completeness of quantum mechanics. From that point, QM was considered a non-local theory. In a previous paper [5] the present author argued that there was insufficient ground for this conclusion. The author would like to point that merely an appeal to the simplicity and apparent logical truth of Bell’s theorem is advanced to support the exclusive non-locality interpretation. Beyond that, there is no proof that experimental results must exclusively be interpreted in this manner. According to the author the inequalities of Bell were given the status of theorem without sufficient supportive evidence save simplicity. In this paper it will be demonstrated that such a conclusive supportive argument of Bell’s theorem does not exist because an approximate classical model is possible. The principles of the proposed model can also be expressed in numerical terms. This enables numerical simulation of the experiments on a computer. Let us shortly describe a typical idealized Bell experiment. In such an experiment, from a single source, two particles with opposite spin are sent into opposite directions. For instance, we could think of a positron and an electron arising from para-Positronium that are drawn apart by dipole radiation. Subsequently, in the respective wings of the experimental set-up, the spin of the individual particle is measured with a SternGerlach magnet. The measurements are found to be correlated with the, unitary, parameter vectors of the magnets, a = (a1, a2, a3),b = (b1, b2, b3). It is well-known that the QM correlation for singlet state electron and positron is equal to,
We introduce an ``entangled clock'' in which time is defined operationally by discrete measurement registrations on a singlet state. Locally, each party's tick rate is fixed by the unbiased marginals. The nontrivial resource is the relational (coincidence-tick) stream: because the singlet's information budget is entirely exhausted by joint properties, the only definite temporal structure resides in the correlations between the two parties. Operationally, after exchanging time tags and outcomes, Alice and Bob identify synchronized events (that is, the ++ channel) and thereby obtain a joint tick record. Comparing the ++ coincidence rate R(θ)=P_{++}(\vec a,\vec b) to Peres' isotropic bomb-fragment local-hidden-variable model (yielding R_{\mathrm{cl}}(θ)=θ/(2π)), we find that for obtuse analyzer separations the quantum prediction exceeds this natural classical benchmark, with a maximal relative excess of about 13.6\% near θ\approx 140.5^\circ. We emphasize that this ``faster ticking'' refers to the rate of identified coincidence ticks under a specific operational convention, not to an improved local clock rate, precision, or stability. Finally, by using multiple settings and a Bell test, we outline ``Certified Private Time'': a device-independent certification of unpredictability/privacy of the relational time-stamp record against adversaries lacking foreknowledge of the settings, analogous to certified randomness generation.