Symmetries, and Symmetry Breakings, in the Laws of Physics play a crucial role in Fundamental Science. Parity and Charge Conjugation Violations prompted the consideration of Chiral Fields in the construction of the Standard Model, whereas CP-Violation needed at least three families of Quarks leading to Flavour Physics. In this Lecture I will discuss the Conceptual Basis and the present experimental results for a Direct Evidence of Separate Reversal-in-Time T, CP and CPT Genuine Asymmetries in Decaying Particles like Neutral Meson Transitions, using Quantum Entanglement and the Decay as a Filtering Measurement. The eight transitions associated to the Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products of entangled neutral mesons have demonstrated with impressive significance a separate evidence of TRV and CPV in B d -physics, whereas a CPTV asymmetry shows a 2-σ effect interpreted as an upper limit. Novel CPTV observables are discussed for K and B d transitions. Their observation would lead to a change of paradigm beyond Quantum Field Theory, however there is nothing in Quantum Mechanics forbidding CPTV. A clean methodology to disentangle CPTV effects in the Hamiltonian dynamics and the ω-effect weakening Entanglement in a given experiment is discussed.Symmetries, and Symmetry Breakings, in the Laws of Physics play a crucial role in Fundamental Science. Parity and Charge Conjugation Violations prompted the consideration of Chiral Fields in the construction of the Standard Model, whereas CP-Violation needed at least three families of Quarks leading to Flavour Physics. In this Lecture I will discuss the Conceptual Basis and the present experimental results for a Direct Evidence of Separate Reversal-in-Time T, CP and CPT Genuine Asymmetries in Decaying Particles like Neutral Meson Transitions, using Quantum Entanglement and the Decay as a Filtering Measurement. The eight transitions associated to the Flavour-CP eigenstate decay products of entangled neutral mesons have demonstrated with impressive significance a separate evidence of TRV and CPV in B d -physics, whereas a CPTV asymmetry shows a 2-σ effect interpreted as an upper limit. Novel CPTV observables are discussed for K and B d transitions. Their observation would lead to a change of paradigm beyond Quantum Field Theory, however there is nothing in Quantum Mechanics forbidding CPTV. A clean methodology to disentangle CPTV effects in the Hamiltonian dynamics and the ω-effect weakening Entanglement in a given experiment is discussed.

Journal of Physics Conference SeriesJul 1, 20170 citations

Emergence of molecular chirality due to chiral interactions in a biological environment

Arash Tirandaz, Farhad Taher Ghahramani, Afshin Shafiee

arXiv:1407.3998Journal of Biological PhysicsJul 4, 20149 citations

MICROSCOPIC IRREVERSIBILITY AND THE H THEOREM

Jose A. Magpantay

Time-reversal had always been assumed to be a symmetry of physics at the fundamental level. In this paper we will explore the violations of time-reversal symmetry at the fundamental level and the consequence on thermodynamic systems. First, we will argue from current physics that the universe dynamics is not time-reversal invariant. Second, we will argue that any thermodynamic system cannot be isolated completely from the universe. We then discuss how these two make the dynamics of thermodynamics systems very weakly irreversible at the classical and quantum level. Since time-reversal is no longer a symmetry of realistic systems, the problem of how macroscopic irreversibility arises from microscopic reversibility becomes irrelevant because there is no longer microscopic reversibility. At the classical level of a thermodynamic system, we show that the H theorem of Boltzmann is still valid even without microscopic reversibility. We do this by deriving a modified H theorem, which still shows entropy monotonically increasing. At the quantum level, we explicitly show the effect of CP violation, small irreversible changes on the internal states of the nuclear and atomic energy levels of thermodynamic systems. Thus, we remove Loschmidt's objection to Boltzmann's ideas.Time-reversal had always been assumed to be a symmetry of physics at the fundamental level. In this paper we will explore the violations of time-reversal symmetry at the fundamental level and the consequence on thermodynamic systems. First, we will argue from current physics that the universe dynamics is not time-reversal invariant. Second, we will argue that any thermodynamic system cannot be isolated completely from the universe. We then discuss how these two make the dynamics of thermodynamics systems very weakly irreversible at the classical and quantum level. Since time-reversal is no longer a symmetry of realistic systems, the problem of how macroscopic irreversibility arises from microscopic reversibility becomes irrelevant because there is no longer microscopic reversibility. At the classical level of a thermodynamic system, we show that the H theorem of Boltzmann is still valid even without microscopic reversibility. We do this by deriving a modified H theorem, which still shows entropy monotonically increasing. At the quantum level, we explicitly show the effect of CP violation, small irreversible changes on the internal states of the nuclear and atomic energy levels of thermodynamic systems. Thus, we remove Loschmidt's objection to Boltzmann's ideas.

arXiv:1206.4783International Journal of Modern Physics BDec 4, 20121 citation

CP violation as a quantum effect

George Zoupanos

Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimentoNov 1, 19808 citations

Ultracold Amplification Proposal for Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules

Daniel Martínez-Gil, Pedro Bargueño, Salvador Miret-Artés

We propose a theoretical mechanism to indirectly detect the small parity-violating energy difference (PVED) between chiral enantiomers through a macroscopic enantiomeric excess observed in an ultracold gas. We consider that chiral molecules are formed resonantly via ultracold collisions of achiral diatomic molecules, with PVED inducing a slight asymmetry in the resonance energies of right- and left-handed configurations. After formation, chiral molecules evolve within a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), incorporating nonlinear interactions, tunneling between enantiomeric states, intrinsic PVED, and thermal conversion rates. These collective dynamics enable amplification of the microscopic bias into a global population imbalance. Using coupled rate equations, we show that, under realistic regimes, a complete enantiomeric excess can be achieved even for extremely small intrinsic asymmetries. We illustrate the model with concrete examples (HSOH, H $_2$ Se $_2$ , H $_2$ Te $_2$ ), predicting observable enantiomeric excesses under plausible experimental conditions. We also consider non-PVED effects that could be amplified under the proposed mechanism, including electric and magnetic fields as well as thermal fluctuations, the latter being illustrated through the aforementioned molecular examples. Overall, our results suggest that ultracold physics could provide a new pathway to probe molecular parity violation, a fundamental weak effect that remains experimentally undetected.We propose a theoretical mechanism to indirectly detect the small parity-violating energy difference (PVED) between chiral enantiomers through a macroscopic enantiomeric excess observed in an ultracold gas. We consider that chiral molecules are formed resonantly via ultracold collisions of achiral diatomic molecules, with PVED inducing a slight asymmetry in the resonance energies of right- and left-handed configurations. After formation, chiral molecules evolve within a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), incorporating nonlinear interactions, tunneling between enantiomeric states, intrinsic PVED, and thermal conversion rates. These collective dynamics enable amplification of the microscopic bias into a global population imbalance. Using coupled rate equations, we show that, under realistic regimes, a complete enantiomeric excess can be achieved even for extremely small intrinsic asymmetries. We illustrate the model with concrete examples (HSOH, H$_2$Se$_2$, H$_2$Te$_2$), predicting observable enantiomeric excesses under plausible experimental conditions. We also consider non-PVED effects that could be amplified under the proposed mechanism, including electric and magnetic fields as well as thermal fluctuations, the latter being illustrated through the aforementioned molecular examples. Overall, our results suggest that ultracold physics could provide a new pathway to probe molecular parity violation, a fundamental weak effect that remains experimentally undetected.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2606.08717Physical Review ResearchJun 9, 20260 citations

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), predicting observable enantiomeric excesses under plausible experimental conditions. We also consider non-PVED effects that could be amplified under the proposed mechanism, including electric and magnetic fields as well as thermal fluctuations, the latter being illustrated through the aforementioned molecular examples. Overall, our results suggest that ultracold physics could provide a new pathway to probe molecular parity violation, a fundamental weak effect that remains experimentally undetected.