Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Apple Academic Press eBooks

Quantum Assessment for Atomic Stability

Mihai V. Putz

Published Mar 30, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract ................................................................................................... 64 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 64 2.2 Atomic Valence Stability by Golden Ratio Imbalance................... 66 2.3 Reloading Quantum Path Integral Formalism for Chemistry ........ 68 2.4 Periodic Path Integrals ................................................................... 72 2.4.1 Survey on Matsubara Frequencies and the Quantum Periodic Paths ..................................................... 72 2.4.2 Matsubara Harmonic Partition Function ............................ 74 2.4.3 The Generalized Riemann’ Series ...................................... 78 2.4.4 Periodic Path Integral Measure .......................................... 81 2.5 Feynman-Kleinert Variational Formalism ..................................... 83 2.5.1 Feynman-Kleinert Partition Function ................................ 83 2.5.2 Feynman-Kleinert Optimum Potential ............................... 86 2.5.3 Quantum Smeared Effects and the Stability of Matter ...... 92 2.5.4 Ground State (β→∞, T→0K) Case .................................... 97 2.5.5 Excited State (β→0, T→∞) Case: Wigner Expansion ..... 101 2.6 Conclusion ................................................................................... 104 Keywords .............................................................................................. 105 References ............................................................................................. 105 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 105 Specific References ...................................................................... 106 ABSTRACT The alternative quantum mechanical description of total energy given by path integrals specialized to Feynman-Kleinert formalism, while recovering the Bohr quantification of Hydrogen atom in a great extend, yet within a more general framework in which the stability issue is solved by existing quantum fluctuation, here explicitly modeled by periodic paths and Matsubara frequencies; both ground and exited states are treated in quantum statistical perspective.

DOI
10.1201/b21341-8

Related papers

Quantum Mechanics for Quantum Chemistry

Mihai V. Putz

Abstract ................................................................................................. 359 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 359 4.2 Feynman’s Path Integral Quantum Formalism ............................ 364 4.2.1 Construction of Path Integral ........................................... 364 4.2.2 Propagator’s Equation ...................................................... 370 4.2.3 Recovering Wave Function’s Equation ............................ 373 4.3 Path Integrals for Basic Matter’s Structures ................................ 377 4.3.1 General Path Integral’s Properties ................................... 377 4.3.2 Path Integral for the Free Particle .................................... 384 4.3.3 Path Integral for Motion as the Harmonic Oscillator ...... 387 4.3.4 Path Integral Representation for the Bohr’s Atom ........... 394 4.3.5 Path Integral for Motion in the Quantum Well ................ 398 4.4 Density Matrix Approach Linking Path Integral Formalism ....... 402 4.4.1 On Mono-, Many-, and Reduced-Electronic Density Matrices .............................................................. 402 4.4.2 Canonical Density, Bloch Equation, and the Need of Path Integral ....................................................... 412 4.5 Roots of Self-Consistent Methods in Quantum Chemistry .......... 419 4.5.1 Molecular Orbital Approach ............................................ 420 4.5.2 Roothaan Approach .......................................................... 423 4.5.3 Introducing Semi-Empirical Approximations .................. 428 4.5.3.1 NDO Methods ................................................... 429 4.5.3.2 NDDO Methods ................................................ 432 4.5.4 Ab initio Methods: The Hartree-Fock Approach ............. 436 4.5.4.1 Hartree-Fock Orbital Energy ............................ 438 4.5.4.2 About Correlation Energy ................................. 442 4.5.4.3 Koopman’s Orbital Theorem with Hartree-Fock Picture ......................................... 444 4.5.4.4 Chemical Reactivity Indices in Orbital Energy Representation ...................................... 451 4.5.4.5 Testing Koopmans Theorem by Chemical Harness Reactivity Index .................. 458 4.6 Density Functional Theory: Observable Quantum Chemistry ..... 468 4.6.1 Hohenberg-Kohn theorems .............................................. 470 4.6.2 Optimized Energy-Electronegativity Connection ............ 475 4.6.3 Popular Energetic Density Functionals ............................ 480 4.6.3.1 Density Functionals of Kinetic Energy ............. 481 4.6.3.2 Density Functionals of Exchange Energy ......... 484 4.6.3.3 Density Functionals of Correlation Energy ...... 490 4.6.3.4 Density Functionals of Exchange-Correlation Energy ........................... 496 4.7 Observable Quantum Chemistry: Extending Heisenberg’s Uncertainty ............................................................. 502 4.7.1 Periodic Path Integrals ..................................................... 502 4.7.1.1 Effective Partition Function .............................. 502 4.7.1.2 Periodic Quantum Paths .................................... 505 4.7.2 Heisenberg Uncertainty Reloaded ................................... 508 4.7.3 Extending Heisenberg Uncertainty ...................................511 4.7.3.1 Averaging Quantum Fluctuations ......................511 4.7.3.2 Observed Quantum Evolution .......................... 514 4.7.3.3 Free Quantum Evolution ................................... 515 4.7.3.4 Free vs. Observed Quantum Evolution ............. 518 4.7.3.5 Spectral-IQ Method .......................................... 523 4.7.3.6 Spectral-IQ Results on Silica Sol-Gel-Based Mesosystems ..................................................... 527 4.8 Conclusion ................................................................................... 533 Keywords .............................................................................................. 535 References ............................................................................................. 536 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 536 Specific References ...................................................................... 537 Further Readings .......................................................................... 549 ABSTRACT Basing on the first principles of Quantum mechanics as exposed in the previous chapters and sections, special chapters of quantum theory are here unfolded in order to further extend and caching the quantum information from free to observed evolution within the matter systems with constraints (boundaries). As such, the Feynman path integral formalism is firstly exposed and then applied to atomic, quantum barrier and quantum harmonically vibration, followed by density matrix approach, opening the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional pictures of many-electronic systems, with a worthy perspective of electronic occupancies via Koopmans theorem, while ending with a further generalization of the Heisenberg observability and of its first application to mesosystems.

Apple Academic Press eBooks•Mar 30, 2016•1 citation

Postulates of Quantum Mechanics: Basic Applications

Mihai V. Putz

Abstract ................................................................................................. 164 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 165 3.2 The Wave-Function Continuity .................................................... 169 3.2.1 Quantum Tunneling and the Gamow Factor .................... 169 3.2.2 Nuclear Systems’ Lifetime by Alfa Disintegration .......... 176 3.3 Eigen-Energies and Eigen-Functions ........................................... 181 3.3.1 Atomic Hydrogenic States by Solving Laguerre Type Equations ................................................. 182 3.3.2 Molecular Vibrational States by Solving Hermite Type Equations .................................................. 200 3.3.3 Solid State Free Electronic States .................................... 209 3.4 Semiclassical Quantification of Energy ....................................... 216 3.4.1 Hydrogenic Atomic Systems ........................................... 219 3.4.2 Molecular Vibrational Systems ........................................ 222 3.4.3 Generalized |x|α Potential Systems ................................... 223 3.5 Variational Wave-Function and Energies ..................................... 228 3.5.1 Hydrogen’s Quantum Ground Level ................................ 228 3.5.2 Vibrational Ground Level ................................................ 231 3.5.3 Ground State Paradox of Free Electrons in Solids .......... 232 3.6 Causal Quantum Evolution .......................................................... 236 3.6.1 Schrödinger’s Picture ....................................................... 236 3.6.2 Unitary (“U”) Picture. Heisenberg Picture ...................... 246 3.6.3 Quantum Transitions: Interaction Picture ........................ 254 3.6.4 Green Function and Its Causal Properties ........................ 262 3.6.5 Free Particle’s Propagator ................................................ 271 3.7 Stationary Perturbations ............................................................... 274 3.7.1 General Perturbation Algorithm ....................................... 275 3.7.2 The Zeeman Effect ........................................................... 281 3.7.3 Nuclear Isotropic Corrections on Hydrogenic Atoms ...... 285 3.7.4 Harmonic Oscillator Perturbations .................................. 292 3.7.5 Quasi-Free Electronic Model of Solids ........................... 300 3.8 Quantum Measurements .............................................................. 304 3.8.1 Classical vs. Quantum Electric Resistance ...................... 306 3.8.2 Quantum Conservation Laws ............................................311 3.8.3 Quantum Elastic Scattering on Fixed Target ................... 318 3.8.4 More about Scattering: Born Approximation and Resonance Profile ..................................................... 332 3.8.5 From Yukawa Potential to Rutherford Scattering ............ 342 3.9 Conclusion ................................................................................... 353 Keywords .............................................................................................. 354 References ............................................................................................. 355 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 355 Specific References ...................................................................... 355 Further Readings .......................................................................... 355 ABSTRACT The phenomenological quantum mechanics is practically “re-storied” in a more formalized way, under the so-called extended quantum postulates, while opening and unfolding more complex analysis of the Nature’s phenomena, from nuclear, to atomic, to molecular, and to solid state and scattering observational quantum effects.

Apple Academic Press eBooks•Mar 30, 2016•0 citations

Quantum Assessment for Atomic Stability

Apple Academic Press eBooks•Mar 21, 2016•0 citations

Calculations of Energy Spectra of Quantum Systems Using the Feynman-Kac Path Integral Method

James M. Rejcek, Nail G. Fazleev, John L. Fry

APS•Oct 1, 2006•0 citations

Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics, Statistics, and Polymer Physics

Hagen M. Kleinert

This is the second, significantly expanded edition of the comprehensive textbook of 1990 on the theory and applications of path integrals. It is the first book to explicitly solve path integrals of a wide variety of nontrivial quantum-mechanical systems, in particular of the hydrogen atom. The solutions have been made possible by two major advances. The first is a new euclidean path integral formula which increases the restricted range of applicability of Feynman's famous formula to include singular 1/r- and 1/r2-potentials. The second is a simple quantum equivalence principle governing the transformation of euclidean path integrals to spaces with curvature and torsion.The powerful Feynman-Kleinert variational approach is explained and developed systematically into a variational perturbation expansion. In contrast to ordinary perturbation expansions, divergencies are absent. Instead, there is a uniform convergence from weak to strong couplings, opening a way to precise approximate evaluations of analytically unsolvable path integrals.Tunneling processes are treated in detail. The results are used to determine the lifetime of supercurrents, the stability of metastable thermodynamic phases, and the large-order behavior of perturbation expansions. A new variational treatment extends the range of validity of previous tunneling theories from large to small barriers. A corresponding extension of large-order perturbation theory now also applies to small orders.Special attention is devoted to path integrals with topological restrictions. These are relevant to the understanding of the statistical properties of elementary particles and the entanglement phenomena in polymer physics and biophysics. The Chern-Simons theory of particles with fractional statistics (anyons) is introduced and applied to explain the fractional quantum Hall effect.

WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks•Jun 1, 1995•761 citations

Phenomenological Quantification of Matter

Mihai V. Putz

Abstract ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Quantification of Waves ................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Black-body Radiation .......................................................... 3 1.2.2 Planck’s Approach ............................................................... 7 1.2.3 Einstein’s Approach ............................................................11 1.3 Quantification of Substance ........................................................... 13 1.3.1 The de Broglie Formula ..................................................... 13 1.3.2 The Wave Packet ................................................................ 15 1.3.3 Born Normalization ........................................................... 17 1.3.4 Formal Heisenberg Indeterminacy ..................................... 20 1.3.5 Bohr Hydrogenic Quantification ....................................... 21 1.3.6 Bohr’s Correspondence Principle ...................................... 24 1.4 Consequences of Matter Quantification ......................................... 27 1.4.1 Moseley Law and Spectral Atomic Periodicity ................. 27 1.4.2 Systems with Identical Particles ........................................ 30 1.4.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics: The Partition Function ..... 32 1.4.4 Fermi-Dirac Statistics ........................................................ 36 1.4.5 Bose-Einstein Statistics ...................................................... 40 1.4.6 Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particles: The Theory of Everything (TOE) ...................................... 43 1.4.7 Stefan-Boltzmann Law of Radiation ................................. 49 1.4.8 The Wien Law: The Universe’s Temperature and Anisotropy ................................................................... 54 1.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 60 Keywords ................................................................................................ 62 References ............................................................................................... 62 Author’s Main References ............................................................. 62 Specific References ........................................................................ 62 Further Readings ............................................................................ 63 ABSTRACT Following the “Greek dream” of Nature unification, between the sea waves and earth dust, the Matter is regarded as having two main orders or manifestations, i.e., the undulatory and corpuscular sides. Remarkably, such philosophical view is strongly sustained by the quantum theory of matter, by its prescription through waves and substance quantifications, with experimental counterpart, however, maintaining the intrinsic mystery of reciprocal connection at the microscopic level. This chapter reviews the most fundamental Planck (– Einstein) and de Broglie (– Einstein) quantifications of matter while founding the basis for the second and first quantification of fields and particles, respectively. This way the two opposite visions of Newton and Huygens as advancing on the end of XVII century the corpuscular and undulatory natures of matter seems now be unified either at micro-and macro-scales of Universe.

Apple Academic Press eBooks•Mar 30, 2016•0 citations
Abstract ................................................................................................... 64 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 64 2.2 Atomic Valence Stability by Golden Ratio Imbalance................... 66 2.3 Reloading Quantum Path Integral Formalism for Chemistry ........ 68 2.4 Periodic Path Integrals ................................................................... 72 2.4.1 Survey on Matsubara Frequencies and the Quantum Periodic Paths ..................................................... 72 2.4.2 Matsubara Harmonic Partition Function ............................ 74 2.4.3 The Generalized Riemann’ Series ...................................... 78 2.4.4 Periodic Path Integral Measure .......................................... 81 2.5 Feynman-Kleinert Variational Formalism ..................................... 83 2.5.1 Feynman-Kleinert Partition Function ................................ 83 2.5.2 Feynman-Kleinert Optimum Potential ............................... 86 2.5.3 Quantum Smeared Effects and the Stability of Matter ...... 92 2.5.4 Ground State (β→∞, T→0K) Case .................................... 97 2.5.5 Excited State (β→0, T→∞) Case: Wigner Expansion ..... 101 2.6 Conclusion ................................................................................... 104 Keywords .............................................................................................. 105 References ............................................................................................. 105 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 105 Specific References ...................................................................... 106 ABSTRACT The alternative quantum mechanical description of total energy given by path integrals specialized to Feynman-Kleinert formalism, while recovering the Bohr quantification of Hydrogen atom in a great extend, yet within a more general framework in which the stability issue is solved by existing quantum fluctuation, here explicitly modeled by periodic paths and Matsubara frequencies; both ground and exited states are treated in quantum statistical perspective.
Abstract ................................................................................................. 359 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 359 4.2 Feynman’s Path Integral Quantum Formalism ............................ 364 4.2.1 Construction of Path Integral ........................................... 364 4.2.2 Propagator’s Equation ...................................................... 370 4.2.3 Recovering Wave Function’s Equation ............................ 373 4.3 Path Integrals for Basic Matter’s Structures ................................ 377 4.3.1 General Path Integral’s Properties ................................... 377 4.3.2 Path Integral for the Free Particle .................................... 384 4.3.3 Path Integral for Motion as the Harmonic Oscillator ...... 387 4.3.4 Path Integral Representation for the Bohr’s Atom ........... 394 4.3.5 Path Integral for Motion in the Quantum Well ................ 398 4.4 Density Matrix Approach Linking Path Integral Formalism ....... 402 4.4.1 On Mono-, Many-, and Reduced-Electronic Density Matrices .............................................................. 402 4.4.2 Canonical Density, Bloch Equation, and the Need of Path Integral ....................................................... 412 4.5 Roots of Self-Consistent Methods in Quantum Chemistry .......... 419 4.5.1 Molecular Orbital Approach ............................................ 420 4.5.2 Roothaan Approach .......................................................... 423 4.5.3 Introducing Semi-Empirical Approximations .................. 428 4.5.3.1 NDO Methods ................................................... 429 4.5.3.2 NDDO Methods ................................................ 432 4.5.4 Ab initio Methods: The Hartree-Fock Approach ............. 436 4.5.4.1 Hartree-Fock Orbital Energy ............................ 438 4.5.4.2 About Correlation Energy ................................. 442 4.5.4.3 Koopman’s Orbital Theorem with Hartree-Fock Picture ......................................... 444 4.5.4.4 Chemical Reactivity Indices in Orbital Energy Representation ...................................... 451 4.5.4.5 Testing Koopmans Theorem by Chemical Harness Reactivity Index .................. 458 4.6 Density Functional Theory: Observable Quantum Chemistry ..... 468 4.6.1 Hohenberg-Kohn theorems .............................................. 470 4.6.2 Optimized Energy-Electronegativity Connection ............ 475 4.6.3 Popular Energetic Density Functionals ............................ 480 4.6.3.1 Density Functionals of Kinetic Energy ............. 481 4.6.3.2 Density Functionals of Exchange Energy ......... 484 4.6.3.3 Density Functionals of Correlation Energy ...... 490 4.6.3.4 Density Functionals of Exchange-Correlation Energy ........................... 496 4.7 Observable Quantum Chemistry: Extending Heisenberg’s Uncertainty ............................................................. 502 4.7.1 Periodic Path Integrals ..................................................... 502 4.7.1.1 Effective Partition Function .............................. 502 4.7.1.2 Periodic Quantum Paths .................................... 505 4.7.2 Heisenberg Uncertainty Reloaded ................................... 508 4.7.3 Extending Heisenberg Uncertainty ...................................511 4.7.3.1 Averaging Quantum Fluctuations ......................511 4.7.3.2 Observed Quantum Evolution .......................... 514 4.7.3.3 Free Quantum Evolution ................................... 515 4.7.3.4 Free vs. Observed Quantum Evolution ............. 518 4.7.3.5 Spectral-IQ Method .......................................... 523 4.7.3.6 Spectral-IQ Results on Silica Sol-Gel-Based Mesosystems ..................................................... 527 4.8 Conclusion ................................................................................... 533 Keywords .............................................................................................. 535 References ............................................................................................. 536 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 536 Specific References ...................................................................... 537 Further Readings .......................................................................... 549 ABSTRACT Basing on the first principles of Quantum mechanics as exposed in the previous chapters and sections, special chapters of quantum theory are here unfolded in order to further extend and caching the quantum information from free to observed evolution within the matter systems with constraints (boundaries). As such, the Feynman path integral formalism is firstly exposed and then applied to atomic, quantum barrier and quantum harmonically vibration, followed by density matrix approach, opening the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional pictures of many-electronic systems, with a worthy perspective of electronic occupancies via Koopmans theorem, while ending with a further generalization of the Heisenberg observability and of its first application to mesosystems.
Abstract ................................................................................................. 164 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 165 3.2 The Wave-Function Continuity .................................................... 169 3.2.1 Quantum Tunneling and the Gamow Factor .................... 169 3.2.2 Nuclear Systems’ Lifetime by Alfa Disintegration .......... 176 3.3 Eigen-Energies and Eigen-Functions ........................................... 181 3.3.1 Atomic Hydrogenic States by Solving Laguerre Type Equations ................................................. 182 3.3.2 Molecular Vibrational States by Solving Hermite Type Equations .................................................. 200 3.3.3 Solid State Free Electronic States .................................... 209 3.4 Semiclassical Quantification of Energy ....................................... 216 3.4.1 Hydrogenic Atomic Systems ........................................... 219 3.4.2 Molecular Vibrational Systems ........................................ 222 3.4.3 Generalized |x|α Potential Systems ................................... 223 3.5 Variational Wave-Function and Energies ..................................... 228 3.5.1 Hydrogen’s Quantum Ground Level ................................ 228 3.5.2 Vibrational Ground Level ................................................ 231 3.5.3 Ground State Paradox of Free Electrons in Solids .......... 232 3.6 Causal Quantum Evolution .......................................................... 236 3.6.1 Schrödinger’s Picture ....................................................... 236 3.6.2 Unitary (“U”) Picture. Heisenberg Picture ...................... 246 3.6.3 Quantum Transitions: Interaction Picture ........................ 254 3.6.4 Green Function and Its Causal Properties ........................ 262 3.6.5 Free Particle’s Propagator ................................................ 271 3.7 Stationary Perturbations ............................................................... 274 3.7.1 General Perturbation Algorithm ....................................... 275 3.7.2 The Zeeman Effect ........................................................... 281 3.7.3 Nuclear Isotropic Corrections on Hydrogenic Atoms ...... 285 3.7.4 Harmonic Oscillator Perturbations .................................. 292 3.7.5 Quasi-Free Electronic Model of Solids ........................... 300 3.8 Quantum Measurements .............................................................. 304 3.8.1 Classical vs. Quantum Electric Resistance ...................... 306 3.8.2 Quantum Conservation Laws ............................................311 3.8.3 Quantum Elastic Scattering on Fixed Target ................... 318 3.8.4 More about Scattering: Born Approximation and Resonance Profile ..................................................... 332 3.8.5 From Yukawa Potential to Rutherford Scattering ............ 342 3.9 Conclusion ................................................................................... 353 Keywords .............................................................................................. 354 References ............................................................................................. 355 Author’s Main References ........................................................... 355 Specific References ...................................................................... 355 Further Readings .......................................................................... 355 ABSTRACT The phenomenological quantum mechanics is practically “re-storied” in a more formalized way, under the so-called extended quantum postulates, while opening and unfolding more complex analysis of the Nature’s phenomena, from nuclear, to atomic, to molecular, and to solid state and scattering observational quantum effects.
This is the second, significantly expanded edition of the comprehensive textbook of 1990 on the theory and applications of path integrals. It is the first book to explicitly solve path integrals of a wide variety of nontrivial quantum-mechanical systems, in particular of the hydrogen atom. The solutions have been made possible by two major advances. The first is a new euclidean path integral formula which increases the restricted range of applicability of Feynman's famous formula to include singular 1/r- and 1/r2-potentials. The second is a simple quantum equivalence principle governing the transformation of euclidean path integrals to spaces with curvature and torsion.The powerful Feynman-Kleinert variational approach is explained and developed systematically into a variational perturbation expansion. In contrast to ordinary perturbation expansions, divergencies are absent. Instead, there is a uniform convergence from weak to strong couplings, opening a way to precise approximate evaluations of analytically unsolvable path integrals.Tunneling processes are treated in detail. The results are used to determine the lifetime of supercurrents, the stability of metastable thermodynamic phases, and the large-order behavior of perturbation expansions. A new variational treatment extends the range of validity of previous tunneling theories from large to small barriers. A corresponding extension of large-order perturbation theory now also applies to small orders.Special attention is devoted to path integrals with topological restrictions. These are relevant to the understanding of the statistical properties of elementary particles and the entanglement phenomena in polymer physics and biophysics. The Chern-Simons theory of particles with fractional statistics (anyons) is introduced and applied to explain the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Quantification of Waves ................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Black-body Radiation .......................................................... 3 1.2.2 Planck’s Approach ............................................................... 7 1.2.3 Einstein’s Approach ............................................................11 1.3 Quantification of Substance ........................................................... 13 1.3.1 The de Broglie Formula ..................................................... 13 1.3.2 The Wave Packet ................................................................ 15 1.3.3 Born Normalization ........................................................... 17 1.3.4 Formal Heisenberg Indeterminacy ..................................... 20 1.3.5 Bohr Hydrogenic Quantification ....................................... 21 1.3.6 Bohr’s Correspondence Principle ...................................... 24 1.4 Consequences of Matter Quantification ......................................... 27 1.4.1 Moseley Law and Spectral Atomic Periodicity ................. 27 1.4.2 Systems with Identical Particles ........................................ 30 1.4.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics: The Partition Function ..... 32 1.4.4 Fermi-Dirac Statistics ........................................................ 36 1.4.5 Bose-Einstein Statistics ...................................................... 40 1.4.6 Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particles: The Theory of Everything (TOE) ...................................... 43 1.4.7 Stefan-Boltzmann Law of Radiation ................................. 49 1.4.8 The Wien Law: The Universe’s Temperature and Anisotropy ................................................................... 54 1.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 60 Keywords ................................................................................................ 62 References ............................................................................................... 62 Author’s Main References ............................................................. 62 Specific References ........................................................................ 62 Further Readings ............................................................................ 63 ABSTRACT Following the “Greek dream” of Nature unification, between the sea waves and earth dust, the Matter is regarded as having two main orders or manifestations, i.e., the undulatory and corpuscular sides. Remarkably, such philosophical view is strongly sustained by the quantum theory of matter, by its prescription through waves and substance quantifications, with experimental counterpart, however, maintaining the intrinsic mystery of reciprocal connection at the microscopic level. This chapter reviews the most fundamental Planck (– Einstein) and de Broglie (– Einstein) quantifications of matter while founding the basis for the second and first quantification of fields and particles, respectively. This way the two opposite visions of Newton and Huygens as advancing on the end of XVII century the corpuscular and undulatory natures of matter seems now be unified either at micro-and macro-scales of Universe.