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Physics World

Entangled in dance

Published Sep 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cast your mind back to 2013 and you may remember when researchers at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) managed to entangle a macroscopic oscillator for the first time. Not content with that feat, NIST physicist Ray Simmonds has now made a dance about it.
DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/28/9/4

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One of the enduring goals of scientific work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been the expression of measurements in terms related directly to natural phenomena of an invariant and absolute character. Ugo Fano is believed to be the first theoretical physicist hired by NIST, and he has certainly been one of the most influential to date. His 1961 paper Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensities and Phase Shifts is one of the most frequently referenced journal articles by a NIST author, having been cited over 3200 times in the scientific literature. This paper treats a subject of fundamental interest to metrology and physics: the excitation spectra of quantum-mechanical systems. Exponential decay is encountered in a number of physical systems, such as the natural transmutation of radioactive elements. An alternative mode of observation of exponential decay is the resolution of its frequency spectrum.
All too frequently we hear the term {open_quotes}Holy Grail{close_quotes} breathlessly invoked to describe one goal or another in science. However, objections can be held back in using this term for the recent experimental achievements at JILA of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado. Atomic physicists at JILA have been able, using the techniques of laser and evaporative cooling, to put thousands of atoms into the same quantum state. In short, they have observed the phenomenon called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas of atoms for the first time. The term Holy Grail seems quite appropriate given the singular importance of this discovery. This article describes the research program, how it was developed and the future possibilities. 8 refs.
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