Measuring Polarization Using a Bose-Einstein Condensate Interferometer

Benjamin Deissler

Published May 1, 2008• 0 citations

Abstract

An atom interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensates has been implemented and is used to measure the dynamic polarizability of 87 Rb.An off-resonant standing-wave laser beam is used to manipulate the motion of atomic wavepackets in order to implement splitting and reflection operations.It is demonstrated that these operations can be performed with near unity fidelity.Interferometer times of up to 72 ms as well as arm separations of up to 0.42 mm are achieved experimentally.I owe a great deal.First and foremost I recognize my advisor, Cass Sackett, who not only passed on some of his seemingly unlimited knowledge, but was also an indispensable source of advice in personal issues.I could not have asked for a better mentor and can only strive to live up to his standards.My colleagues in the lab -Jessica, Ofir, Ken, Jeramy and John -shared with me many frustrating moments when everything seemed to go wrong (see: cracking glass chamber, imploding glass chamber, bursting coils, broken waveguide), but also many successes and laughs.They are largely responsible for keeping the trip to the lab in the morning something to look forward to.I especially need to mention Ofir Garcia, who not only forced me to realize what I did and did not understand while answering his questions, but who was also a partner in hiking the Grand Canyon, watching the World Cup, and in general, simply a great friend.My teachers throughout the years -Mr.Zschernitz and Mr. Koch in the Gymnasium and Prof. Hotop and Prof. Fleischhauer in Kaiserslautern -deserve my thanks for conveying their love of physics in general and atomic and optical physics in particular.At the University of Virginia, I have been in the happy situation of being able to exchange equipment and ideas with some very smart people, especially Prof. Tom Gallagher and Prof. Bob Jones, as well as their students.Furthermore, the staff of the physics department has been ex-vi tremely helpful with all manners of problems small and large.In addition to academic support, many other people have worked to keep me sane.In Virginia, a large group of friends came from the Movie Club, whose company I will surely miss.In Kaiserslautern, I still fondly remember the times spent with the Ex-FiPS group of Martin, Dirk, Thomas, Gustav, Christian, and Christine.I am certain that in the future, at least one of these people will have some theorem or effect named after them.Finally, I am grateful to the friends that have been a part of my life even though an ocean separates us -Marc, Uli, Dennis, Mario, Karin, Désirée, and all the rest.There is not much I can say to Kristen that I have not said to her already.She is the reason

DOI: 10.18130/v3757v

Related papers

Atom interferometers, atom lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates: from coherent to quantum atom optics

Alain Aspect

Sep 30, 20080 citations

Asymmetric Splitting of Bose-Einstein Condensate

Eun Oh

My life has been a blessing from God in many ways.First and foremost, I would like to thank professors Cass Sackett and Bill Soffa for encouraging and never giving up on me.The completion of my study could not have happened without them.In reaching the apex of my endeavor, I am forever indebted in gratefulness.Without their help, this would have been an impossible journey.They also inspired me to consider teaching as my new goal.Despite other lucrative offers, I believe teaching has a true meaning and purpose for me.I'd also like to thank graduate students in Casslab, especially Rob Horne, who shared the burden of making our experiment a successful one.My life re-started in the states at ten years old, when barely speaking a word of English, Bob Schmitt and Greg Bartman became my lifelong friends.Mr. & Mrs (Mom) Bartman never seemed to get tired of my coming over to their house/beach house living like a son who never paid rent.In Laurel high school, I would like to thank Mr. Swartz for making math an approachable subject.I must also thank Mr/Coach Chuck Hickes for believing in my success -not only were you my football coach, you coached me in so many other ways in life!At Swarthmore, Professor John Gaustad took me under his wings and taught me how to study and do research.You did everything you could to make sure I could be successful at research through experiments.My 6 years spent at NASA proved to be a very valuable experience in many ways.Ed Cheng, Dale Fixsen, and John Mather were three significant influences in my life.I still remember Casey Inman teaching me how to make circuits.I had an unforgettable experience at Antarctica, running the CMBR experiment.It's funny how one opportunity leads to another, who would have thought I'd meet my wife Yeonju (Sarah) there, and name our daughters Erebus and Terranova after the mountains in Antarctica.My 14 years at the Naval Research Lab are unforgettable ones.It took me everywhere including Afghanistan.My thanks go to Charmaine Gilbreath, who provided the opportunity for me to pursue graduate studies.Before coming to UVa, my short stint at GWU was not a waste.I'd like to thank professor Helmut Haberzettl for his German way of physics.I also like to

Nov 21, 20142 citations

Atom interferometry using frequency comb and progress on atomic recoil measurement

Clément Debavelaere

Interférométrie atomique utilisant un peigne de fréquences et progrès sur la mesure du recul atomique Ma thèse s'est concentrée sur deux sujets dans le domaine des mesures de précisions utilisant l'interférométrie atomique : le premier visait à développer un interféromètre atomique utilisant un peigne de fréquence, et le second visait à améliorer la précision de mesure du recul atomique pour déterminer la constante de structure fine, alpha. Tout d'abord, j'ai réussi à démontrer pour la première fois un interféromètre atomique basé sur des transitions Raman stimulées par un laser picoseconde, réalisant un gravimètre atomique avec une sensibilité relative de 10^{-7} en 5 minutes de temps d'intégration. Il a fallu pour cela mettre au point un système de contrôle de la ligne à retard qui a permis aux impulsions picosecondes de se superposer au nuage atomique en chute libre pendant 60 ms. Ceci a permis la réalisation d'un nouvel interféromètre basé sur des impulsions pi/2-pi-pi-pi/2 où les atomes peuvent être adressés localement dans chaque bras de l'interféromètre. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été complétés par des études théoriques et des simulations numériques. Deuxièmement, j'ai étudié les effets systématiques limitant la précision de la mesure du rapport h/m entre la constante de Planck et la masse d'un atome de Rubidium. Des expériences avec un condensat de Bose-Einstein (BEC) ont révélé une sensibilité aux fluctuations locales de l'intensité du laser, ce qui a conduit à une nouvelle méthode robuste pour sonder le profil d'intensité du faisceau laser à l'intérieur de la chambre à vide. J'ai conçu, fabriqué et caractérisé de nouveaux collimateurs pour les faisceaux Raman et Bloch. Une optimisation minutieuse des paramètres expérimentaux a permis de réduire l'incertitude d'une mesure de 30%. De plus, grâce au BEC, nous avons observé un effet systématique lié à une réflexion parasite. Différents schémas de verrouillage de phase pour les lasers Raman ont été mis en œuvre et comparés afin de mieux comprendre l'impact de cet asservissement sur la valeur mesurée.

Sep 27, 20240 citations

超伝導量子回路を用いた超・深強結合領域における物質と光の相互作用

Ziqiao Ao

The development of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which studies the light-matter interaction in quantum level, has been accompanied by the enhancement of the coupling strength g between an atom (matter) and an electromagnetic (EM) field (light).With the introduction of a cavity, forming a cavity QED system, the coupling strength reached weak coupling (WC) and strong coupling (SC) regime.These regimes are defined by the system dissipations, the atom decay rate γ and the cavity decay rate κ, where g ≪ γ, κ for the WC regime and g ≫ γ, κ for the SC regime.Especially for the SC regime, the energy exchange between the atom and the EM field can happen repeatedly before the system losses the energy.This physical property enables quantum state manipulation in First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my principal supervisor, Takao Aoki, for his advice and support during my PhD studies.He is the first person who welcomed me to the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics at the end my third-year as an undergraduate student.Then, when I proposed to go to NICT and study about circuit QED and USC/DSC regimes, he agreed and quickly worked on the joined research contract, which yield the contents of this thesis.I still remember his words, "the Hamiltonian is the same anyway", which he said after agreeing my proposal.I also would like to thank him to allow me to the Leading Graduate Program in Science and Engineering and Power Energy Professional WISE Program.These programs require extra work for some unique curriculums, such as Lab.Rotations, internship and studying abroad.He has been supportive and flexible all the time and gave me full room to what I needed to do.All these works could not be done without support and guidance.Next, I would like to thank the members of Macroscopic Quantum Physics Project, National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (NICT).I greatly appreciate Kouichi Semba, the leader of the project, letting me join the team and supported my PhD studies.He recommended me to Prof. William D. Oliver at MIT which made my visiting stay at EQuS at MIT become true.I also want to thank you him for applying for the fund by CREST which greatly helped me financially for a period of working at NICT.His advices and supports were not only very helpful for the works but also enriched my life.Fumiki Yoshihara was my mentor all the time during these works.He told me how to design and analyze the circuits, prepare the samples and operate the systems for experiments.He always answered me when I face problems and help me solve them, even they are easy ones.It has to be pointed out that he gave me the idea coupling the qubit to multiple modes in the resonator.This research topic has been tough due to its complicity, yet also been fun to mess around.I also appreciate he invited me to the soccer games during the lunch breaks.The cryostat which I used to cool the circuits was mostly prepared by Tomoko Fuse.She also told me how to prepare the cryostat and manage the cables inside it.Her advices and comments on my works were always greatly helpful.As a theorist Sahel Ashhab supported my works from the basic ideas.His advices helped me a lot to understand what is happening in the systems.He also helped me analyze the multimode circuit QED system by carefully deriving the expressions.I would like to thank the of the group, Sunmi Kim, with the discussions over chip designs and preparation of the Lab.At the end, I thank Akiko Hoshi for dealing all the paper works and Takashi Nakayama for helping me with the coding and equipment preparation.Thirdly, I would like to thank Shiro Saito and Kosuke Kakuyanagi from Superconducting Quantum Circuits Research Group at NTT Basic Research Laboratories.As the co-authors, they fabricated the samples with maximum care.I also appreciate the discussions about the experimental results where they always gave helpful advices and suggestions.I would like to thank all the members for the discussions during my iii internship at the same group.I especially thank Shiro Saito and Satoru Toida, the mentor during the internship, to let me join the group and conduct experiments.It was a great experience to work with the top-level researchers around the globe.I also would like to thank my two supervisors of the two Lab.Rotations, Kazuya Yuasa and Hiroshi Kawarada, for giving me the opportunity to join them.Although they were for a short period of time, the experiences broaden my interests towards science and engineering and will be surely valuable for me.I am deeply grateful to my supervisor of Engineering Quantum Systems group, William D. Oliver, for making me joining with he and the other Laboratory members and hosted my stay.I also appreciate the discussions and works with Roni Winik, who patiently explained his research and brought me in with his research topic.I spent a great time discussing and chatting with the group members and enjoyed working with them.I also want to thank William D. Oliver who applied a

Feb 26, 20260 citations

Atom interferometry : experiments with electromagnetic interactions and design of a Bose Einstein condensate setup

Boris Décamps

Interférométrie atomique : expériences d'interaction électromagnétique et conception d'un nouvel interféromètre à condensats de Bose-Einstein La première partie décrit trois expériences réalisées avec l'interféromètre atomique à jet de lithium supersonique développé à Toulouse. La seconde partie présente le nouvel interféromètre atomique à condensats de Bose-Einstein (CBE) développé dans le but de tester la neutralité de la matière. Les trois premières expériences exploitent l'interaction entre un atome de lithium et différents champs électromagnétiques. Une différence de potentiel électrique dépendant du temps a servi à moduler la phase des deux bras de notre interféromètre à des fréquences différentes, ce qui a permis une détection homodyne et hétérodyne d'ondes de matière. Une phase géométrique de la lumière (la phase de Pancharatnam) a été transférée à notre signal interférométrique par les réseaux de diffraction de Bragg ce qui a ajouté un nouvel outil à la panoplie permettant le contrôle d'ondes de matières. Enfin, un faisceau laser focalisé sur un seul des deux bras nous a permis de mesurer avec exactitude une des longueurs d'onde d'extinction du lithium (correspondant à une valeur de polarisabilité dynamique nulle). L'objectif du nouvel interféromètre à CBE est de réaliser une nouvelle mesure de la charge électrique résiduelle de la matière et en particulier des isotopes du rubidium 85Rb et 87Rb. Cette mesure nous permettra de connaître avec une plus grande sensibilité la différence de charge entre le proton et l'électron ainsi que la charge du neutron. Le principe de cette mesure repose sur une séparation spatiale importante entre les deux bras d'un interféromètre en fontaine ainsi que sur un temps de cycle de 5 s. Ces caractéristiques ont nécessité un travail de conception à la fois au niveau de la source (une puce à atome) et au niveau du phénomène de diffraction (séparation en impulsion importante) qui sera exposé dans un premier temps. Dans un second temps, les choix techniques en matière de chambre à vide, système laser et sources de champs magnétiques seront décrits et caractérisés. Enfin, les performances actuelles de cette source d'atomes froids seront présentées et comparées à nos attentes.

Nov 22, 20160 citations

Elastic slowing of supersonic beams

Max F. Riedel

Approved by Supervising Committee: For my parents. Thank you for your love and support. Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Mark Raizen. Mark, you allowed me great freedom in my work and put a lot of trust in me. Nevertheless, you were always there with good advice and great ideas when I needed you. I am very proud that I was given the opportunity to work in your group. Thank you for supporting me during my time in Austin and beyond. I am equally thankful to my fellow group members and friends Adam Libson, Dr. Ed Narevicius and Christian Parthey. Everything we accomplished during the last one and a half years was a group effort and they are the main reason I am writing this thesis using the pronoun “we”. Adam, although you sometimes “unnerved ” us with your constant fear of leaks or fatal rotor destruction, I wouldn’t have wanted to work with anybody else than you on this project. You often foresaw problems we would have easily

Jan 1, 20160 citations