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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Measurement of photon correlations in PT-symmetric systems

Friederike Klauck, Lucas Teuber, Marco Ornigotti, Matthias Heinrich, Stefan Scheel, Alexander Szameit

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate quantum interference in a PT-symmetric system by measuring a Hong-Ou-Mandel-Dip in waveguide couplers. The nontrivial loss distribution giving rise to PT-symmetry systematically displaces photon bunching with respect to the Hermitian case.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.ftu3b.3

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In this paper, we propose a comprehensive quantum theoretical framework to formulate the quantum interference inside the parity-time (PT) symmetric waveguide system which is formed by two coupled optical waveguides with unequal losses. Based on the theory, the expression for the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip is derived, which is in an exact agreement with the published results. What's more, a novel one-photon quantum interference phenomenon is predicted according to the model, which suggests a quantum interference process similar to the HOM effect can be observed for the one-photon state, while the other photon is lost due to the waveguide attenuation. Such phenomenon cannot occur in a Hermitian system or in the system formed by the waveguides with equal losses.
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With their conceptual description of Parity-Time symmetry in 1998 [1], Bender and Boettcher inaugurated a new field of studies with fascinating implications on topology [2] and exceptional point dynamics [3], to name a few. Typically, PT-symmetric Hamiltonians exhibit real eigenvalues below a certain threshold, whereas above, the PT-symmetry is spontaneously broken as the eigenvalue spectrum becomes complex. Entirely passive configurations based solely on differential losses [7] allow the physics of PT symmetry to be carried over to a quantum-optical context [6] and explored therein [4]. Here we study the ways in which the degree of loss systematically impacts the characteristics of quantum correlations between interfering photons by analyzing the two-photon correlations in PT-symmetric directional couplers.
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