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Devepment of the Incompatibility between Einstein's General Relativity and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Alexandre Georges

Published Jan 11, 2018• 0 citations

Abstract

Are General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics incompatible? Each in their world, that of the infinitely large and that of the infinitely small, they did not seem to interfere as long as they avoided each other. However, it is their fundamental oppositions that prevent the scientific community from achieving a unification of physics. The proposal of this paper is to provide a mathematical proof of incompatibility, beyond the fact that they have fundamentally different principles, between the foundations of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, namely the deformation of the space-time geometry and the Uncertainty Principle. It will thus be possible to provide an absolute limitation in establishing a unifying theory of physics, if any. Moreover, while respecting the conditions fixed by the Uncertainty Principle, it will be tempted to determine with accuracy and simultaneity, the position and the speed of a non-relativistic particle, by application of relativistic principles and bypassing the problems raised by such an operation. The Uncertainty Principle as stated by Werner Heisenberg will be then, in the light of observations made on the measurement of the time dilatation and in accordance with its own terms, refuted by the present. - Physics Essays, Volume 31, Issue 3 (September 2018), Article 12 - https://physicsessays.org/browse-journal-2/product/1667-12-alexandre-georges-incompatibility-between-einstein-s-general-relativity-and-heisenberg-s-uncertainty-principle.html

DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/3ebtp

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Relativity of simultaneity is shown to limit the accuracy in simultaneous measurement of position and momentum of a moving body by an inertial observer. The inaccuracy or uncertainty product derived from special relativity theory is found to be similar to the much known quantum mechanical uncertainty relation. However, whether the above two uncertainty relations indicate the same physics is debatable and any conclusion is not attempted here. A modification of this relativistic uncertainty formula under gravitational field is achieved using general relativity principles, and a small gravitational correction term has to be introduced. This gravitational term being small remains negligible in ordinary conditions but becomes appreciable at small time scale.

We propose that Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is a consequence of gravity. While quantum mechanics and gravity are widely considered incompatible, we show that Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which is a central tenet in quantum mechanics, in fact, arises from non-diminishing finite gravity between a particle and another identical particle. We observe that it is impossible to know the position or momentum of the particle with unlimited precision, unless the gravity is infinite or zero, respectively, between the particles. We derive upper and lower bounds on the uncertainties in position and momentum of the particle, based on the uncertainty principle emerging from gravity. Accordingly, the quantum-classical boundary is identified, beyond which gravity behaves classically.

oday the so-called Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics dominated description of the physical world still denies the possibility to assign exact simultaneous values to (all) physical quantities. A prime example is claimed to be the fundamental and universal relationship between position and momentum of a particle. According to Heisenberg's quantum mechanical uncertainty principle for position and momentum, the more precisely the momentum (position) of a particle is given, the less precisely can one say what its position (momentum) is and vice versa.\nThe purpose of this publication is to provide a mathematical proof that Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for position and momentum is refuted under any circumstances. As we shall see, accept Heisenberg's uncertainty principle as valid then you must accept too that +0 = +1, which is a logical contradiction. Thus far, it is possible to derive a logical contradiction out of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is refuted.

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In exposing his uncertainty principle, W. Heisenberg has pointed out the fact that positions and speeds form two separate and independent sets of observables. He also suggested that infinitesimal variations of energies and lapses of times were following a similar logic. Unfortunately, there is up to now no operator representing the time and, at least at a technical level, this absence is blocking the progression of any development for the second pair. Whatever the interpretation of that principle is, a fact is that it introduces a finite limit for the relative variations of these pairs. The situations realizing the minimum value of a product between both elements of a given pair are labeled as “quantum limit”. And this is the information on which I build my theoretical proposition. Following a well-known and accepted principle affirming that the laws of physics must be the same everywhere, I look for technical circumstances allowing to go further on that road. Concretely, that quantum limit must be the same for two observers, wherever they stay in the world. I consider the simplest transposition of Heisenberg’ suggested interdependence between the elements of the pair (delta energy, delta lapse of time) in a simple one-dimensional world. And I ask me where, in the arsenal of formulas and laws of physics, I can find a plausible manner to introduce these ingredients softly.

The quantum mechanical uncertainty principle for position and momentum plays an important role in many treatments on the (philosophical, physical and other) implications of quantum mechanics. Roughly speaking, the more precisely the momentum (position) of a (quantum mechanical) object is given, the less precisely can one say what its position (momentum) is. This quantum mechanical measurement problem is not just an interpretational difficulty, it raises broader issues as well. The measurement (of a property) of a (quantum mechanical) object determines the existence of the measured. In brief, the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle challenges some fundamental principles of Science and especially the principle of causality. In particular, an independently existing (external) objective reality is denied. As we shall see, that the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle for position and momentum is based on the assumption that 1⩽0, which is a logical contradiction.