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WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks

Theory of Magnetism and Many-Body Quantum Mechanics

Published Feb 13, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9781848167667_0003

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We describe here the coherent formulation of electromagnetism in the nonrelativistic quantummechanical many-body theory. We use the mathematical frame of the field theory and its quantization in the spirit of the QED. This is necessary because of the manifold of misinterpretations emerging from the hystorical development of quantum mechanics, starting from the Schrödinger equation of a single particle in the presence of given electromagnetic fields, followed by the many-body theories of many charged identical particles having just Coulomb interactions inspired from the classical electromagnetic theory of point-like charges. However, this later is known to be inconsistent due to the self-interaction. This way could not be continued further to include properly the magnetic forces between the charged particles and lead to a lot of confusion about the interpretation of the magnetic field in the Hamiltonian, as well as about the gauge invariance. We emphasize the importance of the distinction between the applied (external fields) and the field in the matter. All these problems are length properly solved within the non-relativistic QED, nevertheless the confusion dominates in all the problems related to the magnetic properties of the solid state.
Understanding the behavior of quantum systems subject to magnetic fields is of fundamental importance and underpins quantum technologies. However, modeling these systems is a complex task, because of many-body interactions and because many-body approaches such as density-functional theory get complicated by the presence of a vector potential into the system Hamiltonian. We use the metric-space approach to quantum mechanics to study the effects of varying the magnetic vector potential on quantum systems. The application of this technique to model systems in the ground state provides insight into the fundamental mapping at the core of current density-functional theory, which relates the many-body wave function, particle density, and paramagnetic current density. We show that the role of the paramagnetic current density in this relationship becomes crucial when considering states with different magnetic quantum numbers mmm. Additionally, varying the magnetic field uncovers a richer complexity for the ``band structure'' present in ground-state metric spaces, as compared to previous studies varying scalar potentials. The robust nature of the metric-space approach is strengthened by demonstrating the gauge invariance of the related metric for the paramagnetic current density. We go beyond ground-state properties and apply this approach to excited states. The results suggest that, under specific conditions, a universal behavior may exist for the relationships between the physical quantities defining the system.